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Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Financial Management in Nonprofit Organizations Assignment

financial Management in Nonprofit Organizations - Assignment ExampleSolid financial commission obligates the organization to make up part in long-term strategic planning as well as short-term operations planning and should become part of the organizations continuous process of planning.A solid financial management is definitive in assisting organizations to ensure they use their resources in an effective and efficient manner in order to turn over and fulfill the commitments that have been identified by the stakeholders. It also assists the organization to have more accountability to its donor, as well as well as other stakeholders, which will increase the respect and confidence of the agencies that line of descent it, its partners along with its beneficiaries. Lastly, it can assist the organization to gain a competitive advantage in regards to increasingly scarce resources, which will be outstanding when preparing for long-term financial sustainability.Financial management is seen as an important path that should be taken by all organizations in their pursuit for success. The aim of this paper is to try an insightful account of applying financial management approaches to non-profit organizations while comparing with for-profit unassailables regardless of the fact that the strategic management approaches for both organizations are the same. Nonetheless, a non-profit firm typically functions in a monopolistic setting that provides commodities with humble measurability while being reliant on external financial sources. The non-profit industry is experiencing growth and this creates a need to appreciate its efficiency with governance being vital to the stakeholders, donors and tax authorities among others.A non-profit firm is an organization that is exempted from taxes that is created with the main aim of providing services to the public without making profits. In order to be classify as a non-profit firm, an organization

Monday, April 29, 2019

Annotated Bibliography (PHI 445) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography (PHI 445) - Essay ExampleIn essence, this study is highly effective because it begins to show the human being cost to corruptness, more than just a financial one. Bishara, N. (2011). Governance and corruption constraints in the Middle eastward Overcoming the business ethics frosting ceiling. American Business Law Journal, 48(2), 227-283. This is an in-depth study that analyzes the way corruption in numerous areas of business in Middle East has impacted the ability of small and medium-sized family businesses from growing in like manner large. The author is a Middle Eastern business expert and has a unique spin on the glass ceiling. Taking a commonly used sociological term, Bishara spins that to demonstrate how certain types and sizes of business operational in the Middle East encounter a glass ceiling upon growing too tolerant and quickly discover how corruption prevents them from growing even more, and limits their economic ability. He does this be talk ing intimately various issues related to corruption, including bribery and exploitation, and how this limits the continued development and expansion of small to medium sized enterprises. The glass ceiling, then, prevents the ethically minded firm from truly growing as an organization. Chauncey, M., and Jude, R. (2010). Daily practice Ethics in Leadership. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(7), 19. Chanucy and Jude are focused on educating future business leading, and current managers in the field, about the importance for teaching ethics in school. They focus on the reality that many universities and colleges slightly the country tout their own ethics, yet they often fail in their attempts to educate future leaders about the importance of creating an ethical and honest business environment when they move into the professional world. This is the first of a series of studies aimed at illustrating the importance of ethics in leadership and provides the reader with some gre at entropy about what concepts to employ moving forward. Hansen, H. (2011). Managing corruption risks. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 251-275. In this study, rather than plainly focusing on the effects of corruption, Hansen goes further to provide the reader with specific measure that they can experience to shield themselves from the risks of corruption. His focus is on Western companies who are looking to expand internationally. There are manifestly risks in making this step, many of which involve how to navigate the business landscape in the host country. By minimizing the risks of corruption from the outset, the company can limit potential losses down the road. He proposes certain networks that use up to be established, prior to entering a foreign market, in order to limit the possibility that corruption will become a necessity. The article is quite in-depth and would be a great inclusion to the subroutine library of any executive tasked with the responsi bility of navigating international business markets. Johnson, V. (2012). Higher education, corruption, and reform. Contemporary Readings in Law and companionable Justice, 4(1), 478. This study by Johnson takes another unique look at corruption by put into scene of higher education. Many individuals understand that corruption exists in higher education around the world, but many fail to focus

Is succession planning a neccessity every small to medium family Essay

Is episode planning a neccessity every small to medium family backing should face - Essay ExampleIn pursue well be the limitation of the research and a summary with recommendations.Berenbein (1990) asserts that it is necessary for each disposal to anitcipate its succession plan, and be able to acknowledge its reality. SMEs have ben particularly interested in this area of research, concentrate on the heir who shall take on the leadership of the enterprise in the next generation.The current results aim that there are no significant, drastic changes behind the past and current leadership of Company XY. The selfsame(prenominal) issues that confront old leadership have remained the same issues for the tonic leadership. While such a vapid transition has been possible, there were certain issues that surfaced from the qualitative data.Davis (1983) has effective succession is a tricky issue, in blank space of the fact that it requires something more profound than change in structure instead, it requies change in the norms and values of the giving medication on other words, it requires cultural change. One manager of Company XY even commented, The initial difficulty of major(postnominal) management to adjust to the new presidents leadership lies in the culture itself. They have gotten apply to the norms of the old president however, there have been so many changes that speak of new ways of doing things. The new president advocates a new set of norms. That took some time to get used to, especially among us old guards.Kuratko & Hodgetts (in Kuratko, 1993) has provided a critique of the tactics used to undertake succession planning. Those that were determined encompassed comprehending the contextual aspects such as time, type of venture, managerial capabilities, and environment identifying succession qualities such as technical skills, business knowledge, perseverance, etc., and carrying out the succession plans which includes the grooming and preparation of a successor. (p. 23).Because the

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Why the government should not cut schools budget Research Paper

Why the government should not undertake schools budget - Research Paper Example instruction makes a person perfect. The differences between an educated person and an uneducated person can be witnessed in the behaviors. The educated person may get better social acceptance because of his better behavior and original abilities in tackling life problems The main purpose of education is to develop good citizens. In other words, drop of education may result in the development of antisocial elements of unhealthy citizens. Moreover, education is one of the of the essence(p) requirements for achieving a better profession. In the current area, only the educated person will be surefooted of meeting the professional challenges. A person who does not have ideas about the changing tr revokes in the world may not be a success in his profession. In short, the importance of education in human life cannot be underestimated at any circumstances. However, there are tendencies to cut down the educa tional budgets by the governments. Government often cites lack of funds for cutting down the educational budgets. In a heavily globalized current world, governments are trying to cut down their expenses in public services or stay away from public utility services. Privatization of educational sector may result in increase educational costs which may prevent people from attending schools and colleges.This paper argues that the government should never cut down the educational budget or stay away from executing their basic responsibilities of giving right education to its citizens. One of the toughest blows and most shocking hypocrisies of the Bush education budget is his plan to entirely end the Perkins Loan Program, which historically has forgiven student loans for qualified teachers as inducement for them to teach in schools serving students from low-income families, students with disabilities, or in the fields of mathematics, science, foreign languages, or bilingual education (Whi te) It should be noted that Bush had no hesitation in spending trillions of dollars for wars. He underestimated the values of education and the social changes education can puzzle out to the society. didactics drives a person from a known to unknown world. Current world is a black one and our knowledge about the current world is limited when we consider the hidden things in this world. separate knowledge about the world is essential for better living. This knowledge can be provided to the children only done education. Cutting down of educational budgets may increase the chances of intrusion of private institutions in educational sector. encroachment of private people in educational sector may further commercialize the educational world. Education should be considered as a divine process and commercialization of education should be prevented as some(prenominal) as possible. Cutting down of educational budgets will prevent proper interference of government in the educational se ctor and the private business people may exploit the possibilities. Knowledge is exploding from all corners and the advancements in science and technology are immense. However, educationalists all over the world have strong doubts about how salutary the governments able to deliver this knowledge explosion to the students. In other words, the quality or standards of education at present is questionable. Some people believe that the standards of the education improved a lot with the introduction of naked as a jaybird curriculum strategies like problem solving methods rather than lecture based methods.

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Voluntary Service at a Food Pantry on March 28, 2015 Assignment

intended Service at a Food Pantry on March 28, 2015 - Assignment ExampleThe say outlines that I was keen to note that the food supply did not include fruits. Evidently, the fact that the food buttery did not supply fruits translated to an imbalanced diet for the community members. Therefore, I played an active role in donating raisin fruit. The fruits I donated amounted to 8 pounds in weight (Basavanthappa, 2008).It was a real privilege for me to contribute positively to meliorate the health of the community members. Many of the community members who receive food supplies from the pantry atomic number 18 not financially stable and require the help from well-wishers. However, they deserve to excite access to a balanced diet that rear help in promoting their health. Therefore, when I had the opportunity of providing them with fruits, I felt privileged because I knew that my contribution was worthwhile. In addition, the experience helped me to understand the health needs of the pe ople especially those related to nutrition.According to my observation, the food pantry seeks to supply food to the needy in the society. They give a special focus to the elderly who are unable to earn a living. However, the pantry also seeks to ensure that the needy in the society have access to food. The qualification for accessing the foods from the pantry is that one must be living or working in Highland Park. Foods are supplied in accordance with the level of need. The food pantry carries out rigorous research in an effort to ascertain the different needs of people. Therefore, the donations from churches, schools, and other well-wishers are channeled to the neediest people in the society. In my opinion, the food pantry had its priorities right because it recognized the vulnerability of the elderly as a needy concourse in the society. However, the food pantry also supplies foods to community members of different ages.

Friday, April 26, 2019

STRATEGY consulting brief about Air Australia Essay

STRATEGY consulting brief about Air Australia - Essay ExampleMichael throng joined Strategic Group in 2002 as an equal shareholder, alongside Shaun Aisen, and executive director. However, in 2011, Shaun Aisen exited the family resulting in Michael James becoming the sole owner. A few months later, other key members of staff, including the chief executive, commercialized manager, and chief operating officer, left the keep political party citing disagreements with Mr. James leadership as the main cause. On February 17, 2012, the companys directors agreed that the company be placed into voluntary administration.Finally, in March of the same year, the companys creditors voted, for Air Australia to be placed into liquidation. This was because the company could not be sold since nobody had convey interest, and the companys assets were not enough to cover the debts it had incurred.Air Australias main appeal was their brazen-faced tickets since the company was a low-cost carrier. The b udget airline provided affordable travel and, therefore, families could opt to travel before long distances by air rather than spend several hours on the road. By providing low-priced, convenient, and frequent flights, Air Australia obtained its emulous advantage over its competitors.Air Australia competitive strengths also include the companys superior client value and capability to offer the lowest fares. Although, the company was knee-deep in debt, it had an unequaled customer service within the airline industry (Horst, 2011).Air Australia had debts amounting to an estimated $90 million but only had assets worth $1 million, since the company leased much of its equipment. The company had also been unable to pay aviation charges and fees to Air run Australia, and owed both Melbourne Airport and Perth Airport vast amounts for terminal leasing. The companys business had been ailing for a long time but had managed to survive, because it was cash

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Common Pool Resources - Privatization or Collective Action Assignment

Common pocket billiards Resources - Privatization or Collective Action - Assignment ExampleRegulating the manner in which oil is produced go step forwarding ensure that it is well preserved and it can be effective as a pool resource. Privatization will ensure that oil employment can specialized in accordance to its requirement as a pool resource. Oil can only be refined or obtained in particular areas and regions, which adds to the ideology of the resource being produced and refined through privatization. It implies that specialization (based on regions) is the best course of action for production (Ramanadham, 1993). Therefore, oil as a resource should be privatized.Forests require a collective effort. I state this because the general state of global forests is abysmal. This is a prime reason as to why individuals must do the best they can to ensure that the forest are preserved and developed to ensure that they are wiped out. Privatization would be inadequate because forests a re required on a global scale and their maintenance cannot be through with(p) a few companies (Ramanadham, 1993). Developing a forest will take time and cannot be carried out by a few companies. Since forests can be developed in numerous areas, in billet to oil, making it a collective action is the best measure of ensuring the pool resource does not puzzle out

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

RTI^2 - Position Paper - Response to Intervention in Tennessee Schools Assignment

RTI2 - Position Paper - Response to encumbrance in Tennessee Schools - Assignment modellinglem-solving model for addressing diverse assimilator needs through high quality interventions and instructions tailored to student outcomes- learning rate and performance level (TN Core, 2013). It identifies students having particular learning disability thus requiring special training from students with normal abilities. It identifies such students using a three-tier approach. In this paper, I support the use of Response to Intervention in Tennessee schools.First, I am in favor of the comprehensive resolution of the student qualification for conflict in the model. The tiered instructions of the model military service to belittle probability of false positives, that is, it precisely identifies the genuine student victims of special needs excluding those students who appear disabled when actually they are not. In this way, it will minimize the resources directed at addressing the disabili ty problem in faculty members with the saved resourced being used to address otherwise challenges facing the education sector or any other sector of the economy. It also save the parents and families of the students who would wee-wee been wrongly determine with special learning needs from psychological suffering resulting from empathizing with their child. More so, it reduces the work shoot of practitioners administering the models assessment instructions.Second, I support Response to Intervention model because of its early intercession to the problem of special needs as this enables the school provide effective and comprehensive support to the students identified with such challenge. I believe the science research-based and high quality interventions used are more original as they are thoroughly tested and approved before their adoption thereby purging risks of unsought negative effects in their usage (Fucks and Fuchs, 2005). Basing on the individual performance levels and learning rates help to address the root cause of the problem as every student has unique causes for poor academic performance

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Is Competition Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Competition safe - Essay ExampleIn any case to adequately support competition, authorities must embrace when competition itself is the issues reason, not its cure. Market competition, while hurting a few members, frequently profits ordinary opinion. Anyhow does competition dependably profit public opinion? (Stucke, 2103)In business, competition prompts innovation. If youre the player in your field, it could be troublesome to progress. And in case youre working in a packed business, you wont make it by doing what other a person does. Sound competition supports change which testament recognize your arrangement from others through technology, item adjustments or by enhancing the client experience. (Forbes, 2014). Moreover, customer services are enhanced payable to competition because as one of a few organizations offering a comparable item, an organization is compelled to compete for clients. Enhancing client administration enhances the chances of customer retention. (Forbes, 2014). Competition also shakes off complacency. In the event that an association is dependably attempting to advance and better itself, their workers will be urged to inspire themselves. (Forbes, 2014). Competition encourages an organization to c erstwhilentrate on their stub customer and target audiences. On the off chance that an organization is focusing on a exceptional geological area or demographic, market challengers sway them to better understand that setting. In doing in this way, they will have the capacity to better accommodate that target demographic/setting. (Forbes, 2014). Seeing what ones rivals do well can show you things about ones own business. Their practices may well submit an organization with profitable knowledge into the state of the business sector, and help demonstrate to them what works and what does*3not. (Forbes, 2014)The Late Franklin D. Roosevelt once said Competition has been shown to be useful up to a certain point and no further, except

Monday, April 22, 2019

Cultural diversity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural diversity - Coursework Example friendly norm when inside the elevator dictates that you face the door and remain silent for the rest of the ride which is diverse from my current racial identity where we are allowed to discuss and even laugh inside the elevator. Other hearty norms of Americans include smoking cigarette among young adults of all sexes during parties. Compared to my racial identity, cigarette smoking is considered a restrict most especially to women who smoke. People raise their eyebrows and even avoid young adults who smoke as a sanction in going against the norm. Smoking is considered a deviant behavior. If partying is a part of American culture, in my culture it is considered a show off. To survive prejudice or discrimination and be harmonious with the society, gross profit towards others essential be applied. Tolerance is an attitude of willingness and to consider without biases views opinions, and situations with which one is not in complete intellec t (Garcia, 1984). Being perceived as a desirable virtue, it could be an answer to problems of the society including social discrimination. For instance, we contain to endure diverse undesirable customs, beliefs and conditions under certain circumstances. In like manner, people who are tolerated must exercise tolerance to those who discriminate them.

Sunday, April 21, 2019

A Manager's Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Managers Ethical Dilemma - essay ExampleA new commission component was added to the compensation of mechanics. The mechanics after the changes were paid a base salary and could earn more based on commission incentives. This new system sooner of helping the company it brought lots of troubles because the workers at the unshakable began to transaction in an wrong manner. Ethics privy be defined as a system of moral principles that leads to decisions between right and wrong (Dictionary, 2012). In 1992 the California Department of consumer affairs accused Sears of violating the states Auto Repair Act. The agency jeopardise to take away the firms license to operate. Soon thereafter other states began to take homogeneous stances against Sears. The managerial changes at Sears created an unhealthy works environment that negatively impacted the actions of the workers. The mechanics at Sears began to act unethically because they saw an opportunity to cheat the system and earn more mo ney based on the incentive plan the company created. The mechanics at the auto centers had been systematically misleading customers and charging them for unnecessary doctors. The investigation made by the California department of consumer affairs concluded that the reason that the irregularities and consumer abuse occurred was based on the new compensation system. The actions of Sears leave a lot to be desired from this business entity. Sears created an undesirable working environment that gave incentives to the workers to cut corners and lower the quality of the service to the customers. The mechanics at the firm were a snowflake corrupt and they decided that their personal well being was more important than satisfying the auto repair needs of the customers. The mechanics would overcharge the customers in order to increase their overall level of compensation. Sears should have prevented this port by providing adequate training and development in ethical manners. The company coul d have also prevented the unethical actions by establishing penalties to the mechanics for customers that are not satisfied. An unethical mechanic would think twice about overcharging a customer if the person knows that doing so might result in an economic penalty. Sears could improve the ethical bestow of its employees by applying deontological ethics to its business operations. Deontological ethics deals with obligation as deriving from reason or as residing primarily in certain specific rules of conduct rather than in the maximization of some considerably (Thefreedictionary, 2012). In order to implement the use of deontological ethics Sears must develop a new compute of ethics for its employees. The statute of ethics will establish what is acceptable behavior by the employees and what it unacceptable behavior. The code of ethics will also incorporate rules that the employees must follow in regards to their ethical conduct. The changes made by the Sears following the revelatio n of the scandal were not adequate due to the fact that the firm included inside its new pay structure an incentive component that could be exploited by an unethical employee. The firm claimed it eliminated incentive pay, but following the changes an employee of the firm made a complaint to a senator that the firm was tranquilize using incentive pay to its mechanics and that the policies were hurting his ability to provide quality service to the customers without overcharging them. The octet steps of Trevino and Nelson decision making framework can help Sears revolve the problem. The firm

Professional Accounting Skills For BusinessDecisions Essay

Professional chronicle Skills For BusinessDecisions - Essay ExampleThrough the concourse reckons that I was a member, I developed the skills of being commensurate to think deep in my presentations. The group members demanded that everyone has to contribute in the group be givens which make me to think deeply before making my contribution. This made it possible for me to give relevant contributions that were within the background of the topic. 2. Perceptual skill perceptual skill is the skill of being able to turn in information presented to you. As a member of the module group, I was expected to interpret the topics that we were undertaking. Through my time in the group I developed the ability to interpret issues brought to me. This helped me in reading the questions to discuss and come out with an explanation on what we are supposed to cover. Thus, I developed the ability to illustrate problems we are supposed to work on from the assignments allocated. 3. Motor skill flow skill is the ability to move and control muscle. As a group member I benefited in this skill as the group involved a ring of field work. There were assignments that involved getting to the field to learn practical assure covered in our module. Thus, I experienced a lot of movement in collection of information that were needed in compiling field work findings. Through this exercises I gained motor skills in movements and stretching muscles. 4. Perceptual motor skill perceptual motor skill is the ability of being able to think, interpret and move at the same time. As illustrated above, the group work involved deep thinking in contributions. To be able to think in a relevant angle that is of benefit to the group, one had to be able to interpret the assignment the way it means. The experience I had with the class group exposed to a level of being able to interpret first correctly. This helped me in thinking in the right context of what is expected of us in order to make relevant cont ribution. Also, the group assignments involved getting to some practical experience in the ground field. Thus, in our field work learning it involved going to different work places to get what is involved in the real work (Healey, 2000). I gained in the skills of being able to move through various stations interpreting what is going on and thinking deeply on what necessarily to be improved on all at one. This was a great skill development that I gained from my time in professional accounting in decision making group works. To earn these skills, I underwent personal stage developments that shaped how I viewed the module, and follow it in my group work (Stewart and Joines, 1987). The personal stages that I went through are unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence and unconscious competence (Lapworth and Sills, 2011). Personal stages 1. unconscious incompetence unconscious incompetence is the stage where a person in a group has no knowledge of what of the problems and how to fix them. During my first encounter with the group I was assigned to, I had a tough moment understanding the group. At this stage I had the feeling that there is something that something was amiss but I lacked the knowledge on to identify it and how to fix it. This involved problems that I faced involved lack of leading that caused problems in arranging venue to hold discussion and share tasks. I felt that as a group we were not taking the right decision in

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Inter cultural communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inter cultural communication - Assignment typeFurthermore, as has been discussed during the course of the semester, before being take of effective intercultural communication to take place, or the level of the nation all that, a family moldiness at first exists. The learning and complexity of this relationship varies between individuals that issue(s) that are being discussed. However, in the up to nowt that the stakeholder wishes to have an effective level of communication with other partner, it is absolutely required that a relationship built on respect must exist first. Although this determinant alone does not guarantee that a level of agreement will be reached, the quality and depth of the communication, and the subsequent respect and trust that is fostered, will maximize the likelihood for this to take place. Accordingly, the need to focus upon this metric function has encouraged many multinational firms and different governments to seek to build cultural appreciation and respect anterior to expecting a level of success with respect to communication to be exhibited.Ultimately, human beings are extraordinarily bendable creatures. As has been proven time and again, the culture and environment within which an individual is raised by well-grounded and definitive impact with respect to the way in which they integrate with the world around them. With that being understood, it must also be understood that human beings are not programmable robots. Ultimately, for the thousands of individuals that might be influenced by peculiar(a) culture and shoes to integrate with it, there may be a handful that rejected just choosing to follow their own in life. However, instead of making the fundamental to stay at this juncture and formulation that not all individuals are impacted by culture or are able to take issue it, it must be noted that even those individuals who rejected entirely are impacted by. As such, even though culture can be resisted, the impact upon the individual is nonetheless profound as

Friday, April 19, 2019

Values of Gender Equality by the United States Government Essay - 1

Values of Gender Equality by the United States Government - Essay guinea pigWhen a state commits to the conventions of CEDAW, there are certain measures which are expected to be taken by them to keep in line that they will prevent any form of gender inequality. The measures include incorporation of laws that will ensure the equality of men and women in the general society. In particular, it ensures protection to women against any discriminatory acts or acts of violence, and the boldness that the state will prevent any discrimination that may be directed towards women in public, at home, or at work. The significance of this contention lies in the fact that it strives to realize gender equality. Importantly, the convention provides states with a useful framework for legislative policies that will prevent all forms of discrimination, setting clear standards of gender equality. apply that framework, states can bring in appropriate laws and legislation to ensure that women get equal o pportunities in both field, including politics, health, education, employment, and the right to vote. The states that commit to the convention will take appropriate legislative measures and make certain jury-rigged and special amendments to make sure that women will enjoy their full freedom and equal rights in every discipline (Wrigley). CEDAW is perhaps the only treaty, which recognizes that most gender biases are an outcome of the traditional and cultural influences on society. Countries that agree to be a part of the convention require submitting reports every few years to attest progress in the subject of discrimination against women.

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Fast Food Franchise Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

fasting Food Franchise - Case Study ExampleFast viands is a foodstuff that is readily available and dished up promptly at sites know as fast-food bistros. This is the multi-billion dollar business which inturn keeps on progressing extremely fast around numerous international locations. A fast-food franchise is somewhat different from fast-food points as it is recognized from nominal service and by meals simultaneously which whitethorn be presented immediately soon after placing the order. The food items around such dining places is usually brisk in volume upfront plus preserved hot for its reuse. A lot of fast food restaurants are sections of reputable restaurants or franchises, while standard food products are supplied to every eating locus through main sites. As compared to some other food businesses, the budget fundamentals to set up a fast-food restaurant are comparatively compact in UK, especially at locations consisting of low and sensitive earning community. Mostly eateries wherever people sit a while and enjoy their lunch or dinner are also measured as fast food (Luffman & Sanderson, 2001).Fast Food Restaurant at Cambridge has proposed to carry the customers with a huge variety in terms of its menu products. Derived from the mentioned food items, the proposal suggests that CFF must continue low-priced combo food to its consumers. The proposed combo meal offers will contribute to increase the traffic to the restaurant. This is in truth appealing to undertake a sizable diversity of food products to grab an increased niche.

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Classical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical culture - Essay ExampleThus, this writing considers even further if Christian influence positively affected European history as it is expect or if it did more harm to the nation than favorable.Christianity speaks about love, justice and humanity. These are important considerations not simply socially but also politically. Therefore, for people in the past and today, this is expected to have a good influence in individuals and in groups of people as well. Quite profoundly, Europes history shows the realisation of this Roman Catholic doctrine as the patriarch did his best in making warring nations bonk to friendly terms. At a time when the nations were at war, it has been a good thing that the Roman Catholic Church was there to advocate peace and brotherly love, an act which cooled down arguments and put some soul in the heads of hot-tempered leaders. The rise of Christian power also opened the way to the arguments about equating which nearly led to the abolishment of slavery in Medieval Europe. Such liberal thoughts consequently resulted to scholars and studies which has convey the foundations of modern researches. This means that Christianity did not only affect the political realms of Europe but it also influenced its economical and educational advancements.Nevertheless, despite the positive changes Christianity brought along to the nation, it has affected it negatively as well. The world has become long-familiar about the information on European Christians who used their membership to the church to exploit non-Christians. There were several(prenominal) deaths that occurred in the name of Christianity, considering the victims as evils who were doomed with their religion and cultural backgrounds. Once again, they re-lived the lives of ancient Biblical accounts of wars and claimed that it is but right for them to kill non-Christians as popular characters in the Bible have done. This is also perhaps the close why

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

How Height Affects Time Taken for A Falling Object to Reach Ground Level Essay Example for Free

How Height Affects quantify Taken for A Falling Object to Reach purpose Level EssayIntroduction In this investigation, how spinning top go step to the foreing affect the epoch taken for a steel thump bearing to reach the ground get out be investigated.It is was Isaac Newton that first observe solemness and wrote laws defining it. His Second Law of Motion states that the impressionant Force on an object (F) is commensurate to the Mass of the body (m) times its acceleration (a), or .The weight (W) of a body is the force of gravity acting on it, which gives it acceleration (g) if it is falling freely close to the earths surface. If the body was to have a nates (m) Newtons 2nd Law of Motion could calculate its weight. Given that and Newtons Law becomes .In April of 2003, in a order similar to that, which will be conducted in this investigation, the acceleration of gravity was concluded to be 9.81.Using the association mentioned above, several equation of motion ha ve been created. One particularly relevant to this investigation is .In this equation S = Distance in meters (In this case height)u = Initial velocity in *t = Time Taken in secondsa = Acceleration in *** As the ball begins its fall from rest, its initial velocity, u, will be 0** As the ball is falling under acceleration due(p) to gravity, = 9.81Plan In this investigation, since the means to calculate air resistance and friction ar unavailable, they will be ignored. Acceleration due to gravity and the method by which the investigation will be carried out are controlled variables. The height from which the ball is dropped is the independent variable, i.e. the variable that is changed and the dependent variable is the time taken for the ball to reach the ground.It is predicted that as the height from which the ball is dropped decreases, the time taken for the ball to reach the ground will also decrease. An actual fix up of predicted values can be predicted from the earlier mention E quations of Motion.This trace of the equation can be cogitate to the clean- byplay chart equation , (the gradient) and . When the ball is dropped from 0.00m, it takes 0.00seconds to reach the ground as this will mean that the graph will pass through the origin so .Alternatively .Using the above equations, the expected results for the investigation areHeight H, (m)Time t, (secs)Time square up t2, (secs2)1.00.4520.2040.90.4280.1830.80.4040.1630.70.3780.1430.60.3500.1230.50.3190.1020.40.2880.0820.30.2470.0610.20.2020.0410.10.1430.0200.00.0000.000This is what the expected graph of Height vs. time should look bidHeight (m)Time (secs)The following page shows what the expected graph for Height vs. time2 should look like. It is a straight line passing through the origin, thus proving the prediction .The expected gradient, m, should be equal to 1/2 g, or, 4.905ms-2. It is actually 4.926ms-2, which is only 0.021 ms-2 out or 0.428%. This is probably due to the rounding of decimal places when drawing the graph and human error in plotting the points (i.e. not exactly accurate to 3 decimal places.)Apparatus plotSafety As there is a very minimal risk in this investigation, no guard measures need to be taken.It is planned to drop the ball from a height of 1m and decrease in intervals of 0.1m. At each height 5 readings will be recorded and then the mean result will be calculated. This makes the results more unquestionable (and better for use in calculation like working out g or the mass of the steel ball.)The Results will be recorded in a evade like thisHeight (cm)Time taken for ball to reach ground (seconds) fee-tail ResultMean Result21st2nd3rd4th5th10090807060504030201000It is hoped that a graph of height vs. the mean results squared will be produced similar to that on page 4. In the graph, it is hoped to prove that the time-taken-for-a-ball2 to fall is today proportional to the height it is dropped from, i.e. .Obtaining EvidenceHeight (cm)Time taken for ball to reach ground (seconds)Mean ResultMean Result21st2nd3rd4th5th1000.4560.4540.4580.4540.4540.4550.207900.4320.4310.4310.4320.4320.4320.186800.4060.4070.4060.4070.4060.4060.165700.3800.3820.3820.3830.3810.3820.146600.3530.3540.3540.3540.3540.3540.125500.3230.3230.3220.3220.3220.3220.104400.2890.2880.2930.2890.2870.2890.084300.2520.2510.2510.2500.2510.2510.063200.2080.2070.2060.2060.2060.2070.043100.1500.1500.1500.1500.1510.1500.023000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.000Graphs In the following pages, the results recorded in the above table will be shown in the form of line graphs. This will make it easier to invest a trend in the results. It is also an appropriate method of recording the information and is useful for fast reference also if the time for the ball to fall is desired from a height other than the ones stipulate in the table, the value can be obtained from the graph.Conclusion The general trends from the graphs show, as predicted when the height from which the ball was dropped decreased, the time taken for the ball to reach the ground also decreased.In the graph of Height vs. Time2,, it is shown that Height is directly proportional to Time2. The reason for this is derived from one of the Equations of Motion , from this equation below, it was shown that .The final line of the above equation can be related to the straight-line graph equation . , (the gradient) and . C can be ignored as the line in the graph passes the y-axis at the orgin.Fundamentally .H = S = The height in meters from which the ball was dropped.= The time in seconds that the ball took to land.a = g = The acceleration due to the gravitational pull of the earth.Note The calculate that affected the acceleration was g, (which, on earth, is ) is the mass of the planet, for Earth this is constant.The results of the investigation are consistent with the prediction. The relationship of was turn out in the similarity of the graphs on page 4 8, they had almost the exact same gradient, only 0.072 ms-2 in difference (or 1.462%) it was also very similar to the mathematical prediction of the gradient (1/2g) again only 0.051 ms-2 out.military rating In this investigation, all results are held to be very reliable. When the data was being collected, sophisticated technology was utilize which measured time accurately and reliably to the nearest thousandth of a second. all told recorded results were in very close proximity of each other, so that 0.006seconds was the maximum difference observed.There were no anomalies observed. All points on the graph on page 8 are not only close to the line of best fit, they are actually on it.The results in this investigation are believed to be very reliable as a result no changes need to be made to the procedure.

Monday, April 15, 2019

Atticus Finch - To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

genus genus Atticus Finch To obliterate a Mockingbird EssayThroughout chapters 1-17 in To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is sh feature as a precise courageous and non-judgemental person. At times in the book he is besides a rattling care father but he can be strict at times. His name, Atticus is overly a very polite man and unendingly shows courtesy to the population he meets. Many people that live in Maycomb know Atticus is a gentleman and is very polite. He too has a conscience when he says that if he didnt defend a Negro then he would be ashamed and wouldnt be able to hold his head up in town. Harper leeward portrayed Atticus as a very courageous man. Atticus is courageous because he takes up a case no one else dares to take, the Tom Robinson case. He was willing to risk his honour and arrogance to help the poorly accused black man. Although he gets a lot of abuse from various people, for eccentric Mrs Dubose when she says, Atticus is a nigger-lover, he still do esnt step down from the case and ignores people. He however put his Children in the way when Scout nearly gets in to a fight against Cecil Jacobs when Cecil Jacobs says that Scout Finchs daddy defends niggers.Scout even takes abuse from her own family when her cousin, Francis, says that Atticus is a nigger-lover which really puts Scout on edge and she starts a fight with Francis. Atticus is also a very non-judgemental person and will eer look at things from both sides of the story. In chapter 3 Atticus says, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Here, Atticus is saying that you cant judge something until you see things from their point of view, until you see what theyre experiencing.Atticus is a very caring father but a strict one too. He is very caring when Scout comes home from her first day in teach and complains that Miss Caroline (the teacher) doesnt indispensableness Atticu s and Scout reading together any more. Atticus decides to make a deal with Scout, If youll accord the necessity of going to school, well go on reading every night just as we always live with. This shows that he cares about Scout concerns and decides to make a deal to make her happy. Although caring he is also a strict father and when Jem loses her cool and destroys Mrs Duboses flowers he makes Jem go back and apologies. To do something like this to a sick lady is inexcusable. I strongly advise you to go down and have a talk with Mrs Dubose.As well(p) as a good father he is also a very polite and well-mannered man. For example, in the court trial with Mayella, Atticus wouldnt clamor her Mayella but Miss Mayella but Mayella took it like Atticus was mocking her. Judge Taylor had to calm her down by saying, Mr Finch is always courteous to everybody. This is saying that Atticus is always polite and courteous to everyone he meets. He is also very polite to Mrs Dubose even though Mrs D ubose shout insults to him every time he walks by. Atticus would area off his hat, wave gallantly to her and say, Good evening, Mrs Dubose You look like a picture this evening. This shows that even though Mrs Dubose is horrid to him, he still says hello and is polite to her. Atticus is also very aware of his own reputation and tries to be morally good as much as he can be. He does this by helping Tom Robinson in a case they would probably lose. Scout asks him why he is defending Tom Robinson and Atticus replies, The main one is that if I didnt, I couldnt hold my head up in town.This shows he has morals that he follows so that he can have compliance not for others but himself as well. Throughout chapters 1-17 Atticus is shown as a courageous person. As well as being courageous he is non-judgemental especially when he says, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Atticus is also portra yed as a caring father when Scout is having trouble at school Atticus is there to support her. Harper Lee has overall made Atticus a very polite, wise and respected man in To Kill A Mockingbird.

To Find Common Identifying Factors in different financial scandals Essay Example for Free

To disclose place Common Identifying F forgeors in divers(prenominal) pecuniary s potbellydals EssayFinancial scandals are know for their adverse particularise up on contrast organizativirtuosos. They can cripple a commerce entity or lead to radical collapse. gum olibanum, the value of purview into the issue of scandals personifys a study area of great value both(prenominal) to the academic discourse and the general know conductge. This paper looks into financial scandals with a run across to finding common fly the cooprs underlying them. Through a grounds study approach, the Amaranth Advisors, All stolon Group, and Soceite Generale are examined.Through the use of relevant literature analyse, it is set up that though scandals are different in the nature of their emergence, thither are a host of common factors that occasion them. The study finds that forgetful regularization posed by both internal and external mechanisms are to blame for this phenomenon. It is also established that issues such as rogue job, office political relation, laxity in rule application and sluggish responding constitute the different common factors underlying the scandals.The paper concludes by calling upon the tightening of measures, updating technologies, de-politicizing organizational backing, and the word sense of stringent regulation to tame the vice. Introduction Financial scandals involve business and political misdeeds by executives entrusted with intumescent frequent and private understructures. These schemes entail complex methodical application of schemes with a view to misdirecting and/or misusing funds. new(prenominal) embodiments of scandals whitethorn pertain to understating write offs, under inform business liabili bandages, overstating of revenues, overstating of assets, etc.This is normally through by positives and subordinates of businesses. In public enterprises, this bod of action constitutes fraud. In vitrines where scanda ls cast been detected or reported, the norm is al trends to launch investigations with a view to unearthing the issues underlying the engagement of such criminal activity. The oversight agencies like Securities and Exchange Commission in the united States are responsible for investigating the emergence of this kind of crime. Scandals typically present a safely grievous scenario as approximately investigations point that such scams are secret code but a tip of an berg.As this paper finds come on scandals are often led by officials within organizations. The officials are minded(p) support by either laxity or complacency by relevant organs. Literature review In whatsoever research, the use of literature review is of undisputed value. Literature review enables a tec to find the status of an issue area. This is likely as literature review offers what other researchers have done on the study issue. On this basis, this study is no exception as it heavily relies on the works of o ther scholars towards raising important findings. The case of Societe GeneraleThe scandal involving Societe Generale went on for a long closure of m. It was first reported via an email on November 7th of 2007. A surveillance office stationed at Eurex raised the dull before a compliance officer of the money box. It was revealed that a conductr Jerome Kerviel, had industrious in a crook of transactions which were suspicious in nature (Martin, Allen, Allen and Samuel, 1). The blaspheme bid its time and launched its own response in 20th of November. In this response, a risk control expert at the confide building purported that on that point was nonhing irregular in the transactions kill between the bank and the client Jerome Kerviel.In his response, the bank official claimed that the past ongoing volatility in the financial marts e superfluously in the United States of America and atomic number 63 stocks, was the reason behind the banks requirement of after-hours duty (Ma rtin, Allen, Allen and Samuel, 1). The office at Eurex did not s clear there. On November 26, it sent a second email to the bank explaining its displeasure at the way the matter was handled by the bank. This explains what led the bourse to demand further information regarding this issue. The bank, Societe Generale provided further information on tenth of December.On this basis, the two parties Societe Generale and the Eurex office permit the issue disappear (Martin, Allen, Allen and Samuel, 1). When Kerviel raised another scandalise, coming fiver hebdomads later, it proved too little too late. He made a lot of profit establish on the surreptitious job amounting to around two jillion US dollars. However, this gain was soon to aerify as a loss in the region of seven billion US dollars. The bank essentially unwound the financial standing of Kerviel on 21st and 22nd of January (Clark and Jolly, 1).A spokesperson of Societe Generale declined to comment on the sample issued earl ier by Eurex claiming an internal inquiry led by a special committee self-possessed of in waitent directors was underway. It is hypothesized at this stage that ignoring the red flag raised by Eurex was a serious head trip in aiding this scandal. The loss suffered by the bank is al nigh wholly attributable to the actions of ignorance on the military fructify of the bank (Sage, 1). The bank, despite creation in business for over one coulomb and forty four mean solar days, it failed by allowing a culture of risk taking to flourish within its ranks.Simply put, this seriously exposed the bank as it allowed for major flaws to characterize its operations. It is hypothesized that it is this allowance that paved way for the rogue businessman to rock the bank and make away with a good amount of money while leaving the bank with gawk holes in its financial status. The manner in which Kerviel was let to under pick out his mischief undetected by a bank of Societe Generale stature serves to underscore this in truthization (Gregory and Anne-Sylvaine, 1).Instead of discouraging the making of bear-sized bets by clients, the Societe Generale assort rewarded principals who made such savage investments. It is further revealed that it was never uncommon for traders to exceed the limits put on trading momentarily before holding back. This was moreover against controls limiting this (Martin, Allen, Allen and Samuel, 1). During January 2008, Societe Generale lost over 4. 9 billion euros as it closed presents in tierce days. At this time, the foodstuff was experiencing a big drop in legality indices.It is claimed by the bank that these positions were fraudulent creations of one, Jerome Kerviel, a rogue trader. However, more surprises were sprung up as the police claimed they did not have the evidence to charge the culprit with fraud instead preferring abuse of confidence charges against Jerome Kerviel. Jerome Kerviel claimed that his actions were well known to the superiors at the bank and the major reason behind the collapse of the bank was based on threat selling (Sage, 1). It is claimed by bank officials that throughout the year 2007, Jerome Kerviel was trading profitably anticipating a fall in market prices.This was however done beyond authorized levels. The culprit is accused of engaging in trade totaling almost 50 billion, a figure way above the banks sum market capitalization. It is further revealed that Jerome Kerviel attempted to hide this engagement by intentionally creating losing trades in a bid to graduation the early gains he had made. In addition to the above allegation, Jerome Kerviel is thought to have made over 1. 5 billion US dollars in hidden profits (Martin, Allen, Allen and Samuel, 14). The case of AllfirstJohn Rusnak, a former capital businessman at Allfirst bank, at the time an affiliate of AIB Company was given a 71/2 long time jail term in connection to his role in the disappearance of six vitamin C and one US mil lion dollars. This sum of money was lost due to the banking governing bodys cost increase of bad bets. The bad debts were later to snowball leading to a monstrous scam ever witnessed in the banking industry. The culprit, Rusnak John was transferred from prison to his house in June of 2008 to be under house detention until September the alike(p) year and later let free in 5th January 2009.This meant that in total, Rusnak served less than six years in incarceration (Robert, 45). If the original sentence could have been adhered to the later, Rusnak could have been held in prison for a period of over 30 years. However, the original sentence was a presentation of a plea bargain hammer in collaboration with the US prosecutors. While being released, it was alleged that Rusnak had earned good behavior and completed a drug treatment module. On his release, Rusnak was expected to begin paying one thousand US dollars a month to cater for his time in probation (Robert, 45).Though Rusnak was held responsible for the loss of six hundred and ninety one million US dollars, the case prosecutors claimed whatever amount to be paid was to depend on what the culprit was able to make after being freed. The fraudulent activities engineered by Rusnak were very defamatory to the entire stakeholder ship as over one thousand and one hundred Allfirst employees lost their jobs during the sales event of the company (Robert, 45). Early on at the discovery of the fraud, the executives at Alllfirst and AIB call upd that there was no any form of conspiracy between Rusnak and any other member or official of the bank (Brian, 54).This finding may absolve the bank of any blame in the eyes of the public. However, this is a devastating finding since it paints a grisly picture on the part of the bank. That is to say if one bank official would carry out a fraud of this magnitude, then things were quite wrong. Simply put, the banks observe and self regulating mechanism was in tatters to say the least. The Ludwig report confirmed that the banks back office did not make attempts towards confirming the bogus options alongside their Asian counterparts.The negligence fronted by the companys spunk and back offices from confirming the foreign exchange rate from an independent source also puts the bank on the spot. It is also alleged that the internal audit done in 1999 did not bring out the real picture. Later in 2000, an audit carried only examined a single transaction to determine whether indeed there was impropriety. These reverses of the bank only present actions that appear in support of graft (Brian (a), 34). The back office at the treasury had issued a warning regarding the events at the bank.The fact that the bank chose to let the opportunity points to gross bollix by leadership. The treasury, backroom office had raised a host of issues regarding Rusnaks personality concerns and confirming trades conducted by Rusnak. The culprit seemed excellent in playing organizati onal politics to his advantage. This is reflected by the fact that the back office desisted from reporting the actions of the trader as the management was behind Rusnaks activities. If the back office had received support from the top management, then the rogue activities could have been curtailed (Brian, 54).Foreign exchange rules require that suspicious activities should be discouraged (Brian (a), 34). The two prime brokerage provision banks failed to uncover what Rusnak was undertaking. This was a notable omission on the part of the two banks. The Historical Rate Rollovers should never have been used to uncover fraud deals as it happened. The trading carcass at Allfirst was literary flawed as one employee was trying to run a hedge fund. Rusnak had no knowledge, diversification, skills, and other requisite attributes incumbent to run the trading system (Brian (a), 35). The case of Amaranth AdvisorsThe year 2006 was one of the most devastating in reference to the history of the A maranth group. It is during this year that Amaranth Advisors lost in excess of two billion US dollars over a span of few weeks (Robert, 37). Amaranth Advisors engaged in a very uncivilized risk in regards to trading. This left the business entity bulkyly exposed to the frugalities that characterise the business world. Liquidity is an spirit that should be closely monitored if businesses ae to be safe. But taking risks as this business did implies a readiness in the business to test the waters of uncertainty.Launched as a hedge fund business, Amaranth operated a very risky venture as its portfolio could change up to 80 percenty in reflection of the energy trade. As this soared, the group, Amaranth changed saddlery and put onside the concept of diversification with a view to mitigating the risks that were emerging. the group traded on Credit Arbitrage, redeemable Bond Arbitrage, Merger Arbitrage, Energy Arbitrage, etc. Initially, the the amount in Convertible Arbitrage reflected sixty percenty of te worth of the company. however, by september 2006, this had shifted to almost two percent.Such is the volatility that characterised the company activities (Robert, 37). One factor emerges at this point there were no limits concerning the regulation of concentration. Leverage was also unrestricted. when supplement is unrestricted, it means that a company can engage in trading beyond the set limit or removed the confines of its budget. this portends ill for a business as in the case of a loss, the company can easily go under (Robert, 37). Brian Hunter who was hired in 2004 takes blame for the financial fiasco undergo by this group.Brian Hunter had already cut a niche for himself in the corridors of wall street. While trading in energy futures, Hunter had achieved great advantage and it is perhaps on this basis that Amaranth hired him. The trader was so renowned such that When he threatened to quit in 2004, his perks were adjusted upwards to tie him there. Hunt er was also given the oportunity to trade separately from the group boss and awarded adittional compenation. Equally of note rests on the fact that the individual was given the privilege of relocating o his hometown and trade from there (Robert, 38).On the basisof the United States Senate constant Subcommitte on Finance, Amaranth lost money in the region of two bilion US dollars beginning the first week of August. This loss was attributed to the trading in natural botch up which led to high liquidity in the entire company portfolio. The John Marthinsen estimates put the losses at around 6. 5 billion. The Amaranth group was deeply engaged in miscellaneous types of contracts that captured futures, options, and swaps. The company position remained hugely independent on the future prices of natural gas (Robert, 38). Historically, natural gas prices rose during the winter times.This was held as natural gas is commonly used as a heating source at tis tme. so it was commonsense that gas prices would rise during te time. Amaranth was banking on this norm to enable the company reap profits. However, this is an instinctive way of runing business which cannot be relied upon though it wored previously. this ponts to a lack of well oiled strategies in streak the business (Robert, 38). Allfirst hired John Rusnak as a currency trader with a view to help in the proprietary exchange of foreign currency. This was a costly acquistion as the fellow cost the bank around 691 million dollars.Through the use of various methods, Rusnak overstepped his mandate and traded beyond limits putting the banks fortunes at stake in the process (Robert, 38). The violent derivatives were the first error towards the financial meltdown. It appears like Brooksley Born, the then chairperson of Commodity Futures Trading Commission had foreseen the risk of exposure posed by deregulation of derivatives. The idea to extend the regulation mandate as proposed by Brooksley was rebuffed by the official s of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Reserve, and the Treasury Department.While it remains debatable whether the regulation could prevent or expurgate the financial trend, few dispute the idea that such control would have slowed the emergence of the problem. Financial analysts believe if this was introduced 10 years or earlier, the control would have mitigated the rise of the problem (Blinder, 1). Wild derivatives have adverse effects on any business, the deregulation of derivatives at Amaranth, Allfirst, and Societe Generale point to the fact that such a precedent is dangerous as it portends ill for a business.Blinder has observed that the alarm bells signaling the financial credit crunch went long ago and individuals in positions of influence refused to act rather preferring to protect huge business interests. The innermost government sanctums were basically to blame as they chose to protect few businesses at the expense of the common good (Blinder, 1). Brooks ley, while serving at CFTC made it clear to congress that controlling the financial markets was necessary. The financial instruments commonly known as derivatives were the tenseness point.It is little surprise that ultimately the collapse of the derivatives market served as a trigger towards the 2008 financial crisis. Brooksley was overly concerned about the swaps unregulated trading (Blinder, 1). This unregulated trading led to the near collapse of the economy. Similarly the unregulated nature of activities of the three companies presented the necessary conditions for the scandals to take place. For an efficient market operation, there are no illusions, regulation by an independent body is necessary.On the basis of Blinders observation sky high leverage an issue that arose in 2004 leads to serious effects on businesses (1). During this period, the S. E. C allowed securities firms to up their leverage to levels unmatched before. Prior to this instance, leverage stood at 12 to 1. Af ter this event, the leverage sky rocketed to 31 to 1 (Blinder, 1). This is a pointer to madness on the side of the S. E. C and firms heads. It is known that at 33 to 1 leverage, a small decline, for example a three percent decline in assets valuation can lead to a wiping out of a business company.If the authorities had ensured that the leverage was kept at 12 to 1, then the firms would have remained stable as they would not have grown that big or exposed to vulnerability. The firms being examined in this study every bit let their officials exceed their normal leverage explaining wherefore the effects were lethal. Findings When Eurex issued a warning, the Societe Generale officials did not respond adequately, instead they took to time wasting with a view to getting the issued buried. Warnings are expected to serve an entity to re heighten or separate something going wrong.The Societe Generale group did not heed this, nor did Amaranth do. The officials of Societe Generale affirmed t hat there was nothing wrong with the transactions executed by Kerviel. This is an indication that Kerviel must(prenominal) have been operating under the protection of big officials at the institution or that the institution checking mechanisms were amiss. The internal self regulating and checking mechanism were in a total mess. This explains why Kerviel was able to wage such criminal activities without being noticed. However, this may point to another issue concerning politics of organization.Accomplices must have been used from the highest levels of management. For Kerviel to engage in this act, he must have been damn mindful that there was some form of protection that would come his way. Risk ventures hold huge potential both in reference to loss and profit making. Societe Generale encouraged traders to continue engaging in such ventures. Jerome Kerviel claimed that superiors were alert of his actions. The losses incurred by Societe Generale were reflected in a very short time three days. This does not however imply that prior to this the business was in a sound position.This is because before such a position is reached, there must have been factors at play. The cured management based in Dublin and Baltimore failed to focus on the happenings at Allfirst. The role of any management team in all organizations is and remains one of overseeing the transactions executed. Simply put, the management should sanction all activities. Activities which carry the importance as the one carried out by Jerome Kerviel should have been closely monitored. However, this was not done. The betting business is a risky business venture which Allfirst bank encouraged.It is a fact that profits can be made in this business. However, it is also possible to make huge losses which may lead to collapse of a business entity. On this basis, there are regulative measures always put in place to guide in the vista the powerful amount to be gambled. Laxity in rules comes into the fore as R usnak was given a relatively big sentence at the beginning but this was watered down to a mere 7 years though the culprit ended up serving even less. The amount payable back 1 000 US dollars presented a slap in the face of justice considering the amount of losses the person had led Allfirst into incurring.The foreign exchange rules requiring the disapproval of suspicious ventures was also discarded as Rusnak continued with his business unhindered. cozy mechanisms at Allfirst and AIB at first claimed there was nothing sinister about Rusnaks engagements. All other bank officials were cleared of any wrong doing claiming that there was no form of collusion between Rusnak and any member at the bank. The middle and the back office must have slept on the job. They did little to seek valid information from independent sources regarding exchange rates.In addition to this, the audit carried out by the bank examined only a single transaction involving the activities of Rusnak. How fair was t his? The back office at the treasury issued a warning of impropriety at the bank concerning Rusnaks activities, but this was either unheeded or ignored. The senior management monitoring and control system like auditing were overrated as they miserably failed on the very aspect they were there for. Just like Allfirst and the Societe Generale group, Amaranth Advisors engaged in a very risky trading system. Thus the uncertainty in the bank was bound to reflect on its financial and business health.Unregulated leverage was the crucial issue that brought down the bank. Brian Hunter the fellow behind the scam at Amaranth Advisors was given special treatment. Rusnak overstepped his mandate and traded beyond Amaranth Advisors limits. While Rusnak was doing this, the Amaranth Advisors just like the other two companies had internal mechanisms of regulating and monitoring activities within the organization. Outside regulators were also in place. The fact that both internal and outside sources o f regulation failed to act puts such bodies or departments on the spot. Comparison of findingsPoor rules and regulations regarding business operations are found to be reflected by the three business entities. Rules and regulations play a very pivotal role in the running of a business. Such rules and regulations stem from either within or from outside a business. The regulations relating to trading limits were flouted. midland and external mechanisms equally failed to unearth these events. Where they were unearthed by external offices, the establishments at the three companies poured cold scorn on the advice. It appears like engineering episodes that were bound to happen.In the three cases, there are single individuals masterminding huge scandals. What baffles scholars and the public alike is the manner in which the events proceeded undetected for a long period of time. With the current levels of technology, it also leaves a lot to be desired why institutions like these could not us e such technological assistance. righteousness politics, a regular phenomenon in most public offices also rears its ugly head again. The revelation by the former chief economist, Yves-Marie Laulan that what happened at Soceite Generale was inevitable offers strong support to this position.Yves-Marie Laulan further claimed that some things are with child(p) enough and thus difficult to control, an implication that the economist could have well been aware the scam was in the making. The fact that when red flags were raised in these scandals nothing of note was taken by the companies serves as a pointer that senor and powerful individuals were behind the scams. Only that, they were achieving their goals through proxies. The proxies in the cases include the three individuals mentioned as the perpetrators of the scam. Rules regarding business operations were flouted.If rules and regulations are not obeyed things are bound to go awry at some point. The trading limit rules were ignored b y these companies. Risk ventures which were suspect in nature were let tom thrive. As if that wasnt bad enough, warnings issued were ignored. Where they were heeded, the approach was truly sluggish in nature. The companies Amaranth, Allfirst, and Societe Generale presented cases of flouting expected levels of leverage. It is crucial that leverage levels be kept at the right level if businesses are to remain afloat. In the cases of the three businesses, this was never observed.The failure to observe set rules and regulations serves to point to impropriety in handling the businesses. Discussion On the basis of findings, it is evident that there was laxity in rule implementation. Every trade has its regulations which aid operations in day to day transactions. The three entities examined in this survey exhibit an unwillingness or sluggish nature in implementing the regulations of business. In the three cases, the three culprits wee found to have operated way beyond the limits set by th eir businesses. System weakness and other failures are equally found to have served as impediments in the success of business.The scandals raised or rather examined in this paper are of big magnitude. However, despite calls for investigations and the raising of alarm bells in reference to the scandals at their initial stages, nothing worthy was engineered to curtail the explosion of the scandal. Every system is supposed to regulate itself fully. A system that fails this test is out of sorts and lacks the legitimacy of being in operation. presumptuous that there was no abetting of these criminal activities in the respective scandals, then the systems regulation and control mechanisms were a total mess.Such systems should e replaced and completely done away with. Technology plays a critical role in present day business activities. For example, it aids the flow of transactions in a very opportunist and efficient manner. Thus each company is encouraged to employ latest and up to date t echnologies in order to move a business forward in tandem with present trends. However, the scenario at Alfirst points to a different direction. The use of the Crossmar Matching System to monitor trade should have been used, working as a group would have equally helped.Instead of applying this latest technological support, Allfirst was employing the use of telephone and fax. The use of spreadsheets to predate information regarding exchange rates to the business is also another shortcoming attributable to the inability of the business from taking important and necessary steps in addressing business requirements. Simply put, it is a shame that a company of Alllfirsts stature could be using the methods mentioned above. Whichever explanation is given in support of this position is unacceptable and unwelcome to level headed individuals.One of the greatest mistakes of the companies though not expressly captured in the paper relates to office politics. Office politics is almost commonplac e in every business as kind beings often tend to align themselves to different cocoons at the work place. However, it is the duty of the top management to focus on this aspect and ensure that office politics does not work to the detriment of an entity. If a business leadership fails on this, then there is no good in the office leadership being in office. A closer look at events in the three scandals implies an absence of good leadership characterized by political intrigues.When warnings were issued at initial stages of the scandal, the top leadership in the organizations seemed to brush aside the allegations. They equally failed to investigate and either authenticate or dispel the rumors in total. This, in my considered view, was an act outlining a orifice of role playing in which case the top leadership was an accomplice in the scandals. In the case of Allfirst, the preferential treatment of one employee illustrated by receiving extra perks and being allowed to work from home als o underscores the point.The key to success in any business rests on good management practices (Barrett, 51). This points to the ability of the management to set achievable goals and embarking on a mission towards realizing them. For success to be attained, the management must outline the necessary tasks in setting up and managing the business. The goals set for the business must be measurable in performance call. Towards that end, major goals should be broken into smaller goals. These sub goals should have timelines which must be observed. This is an area in which the businesses failed leading to the witnessed scandals.After setting goals and the sub goals, the individual owner or manager must move into action and make the necessary steps towards attaining them. The efforts required in achieving the different goals and sub goals are different, then the deviations should be reflected in the actions or the steps taken towards the achievement. The required effort must remain liable s o as not to discourage the manager. Caution should be taken to avoid chasing too some goals as such pursuit may scuttle the success of a business (Wright, 75). In this regard, priorities must be set.The businesses studied in this research should prioritize vigilance and caution while trading. The planning and setting of goals must be done well in advance. This enables the manager to understand what to expect in most circumstances. As the business grows the set goals should gradually be achieved as such achievement is expected to stir up the manager. Normally, obstacles will be on the way of any business venture, this should be anticipated and provided for in terms of arrangements to counter or mitigate the effects (Wright, 75). The businesses mentioned in this study should have done this to avoid such scandals.

Saturday, April 13, 2019

Platos Socrates Essay Example for Free

Platos Socrates EssayIn order for the purpose of wisdom to carry e rattling viable weight in the affairs of the world, it is necessary for said concept to ac slamledge the link surrounded by wisdom as an glom thinking and wisdom as a guiding principle for hardheaded action. Although other thinkers within the list of writers and philosophers we tolerate studies do promote the idea of wisdom as a pragmatically applied force Henry David Thoreaus interpretation of wisdom and its applications in human life and in human society seems to me the most reasonable interpretation among those we have studied so far. Thoreaus basic idea of wisdom is relative easy to understand adn emerges, non from abstract philosophical discourse, unless from the vantage destine of everday life Does Wisdom work in a tread-mill? or does she teach how to succeed by her pillow slip? Is there any such thing as wisdom not applied to life? (Thoreau 118) By asking these questions in connection to the idea of wisdom, Thoreau makes it obvious that he regards wisdom as a method acting of defining nd helping to instruct human behavior and not merely human thought.interestingly enough, while Thoreaus definition of wisdom is steeped in the practical and the pragmatic, he admonishes his readers and listeners not to confuse materialism and wisdom, that is, not to mistake the pragmatic of earning a living with the pragmatics of wisdom It is pertinent to ask if Plato got his living in a better way or more successfully than his contemporaries,or did he find it easier to live, because his aunt remembered him in her will?The slipway in which most men get their living, that is, live, are mere makeshifts, and a shirking of the real stage business of life,chiefly because they do not know, but partly because they do not mean, any better, (Thoreau 118). The application of Thoreaus pragmatic wad of wisdom may elude some observers however, Thoreau, himself, illustrates the application of his idea of wisdom by turning his sights to the deluxe rush fever which enveloped his contemporaries Did God direct us so to get our living, digging where we neer planted,and He would, perchance, reward us with lumps of gold?(Thoreau 119) where, obviously, Thoreaus hang up with gold-rushers is not their pursuit of earning a living, per se, but with the folly of their believing that gold can, in and of itself, replace the need for wisdom I did not know that mankind was suffering for want of gold. I have seen a unretentive of it. I know that it is very malleable, but not so malleable as wit. A grain of gold will baseball club a large(p) surface, but not so much as a grain of wisdom, where Thoreuas humourous contrast of gold and wisdom leaves little doubt, in the end, as to which he consumes as more significant to humanity.(Thoreau 119) 2. Whose view of wisdom (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Pieper, or Frankl) seems to be the least reasonable? Why? Although Platos Socratic writings on the n ature and meaning of just now whenice achieve and inner-harmony and function in logical consistency with the rest of his ideas regarding ethics, aesthetics, and civics, Socrates view of wisdom, as defined by Plato, strikes me as the least rational of the theories and ideas we have studied.Far be it for me or anyone else to accuse Plato of leaving holes in his theory of wisdom that is not the issue so much as the circclar nature of Platos reasoning which leads me to feel that the concepts of wisdom which are described by Socrates offer very little in the way of practical application in life and seem more like abstract ideas meant to stimulate those who enjoy pondering theory, rather than to assist those who are truly seeking applicable factor for wisdom in daily life.Primarily, it is Socrates insistence that wisdom exists beyond the human appreciation of it, which seems to cripple the overall argument on the nature of what comprises wisdom Socrates considers there to be two gener al sorts of knowledge, one which makes its possessor wise and one which does not. Socrates, and others too, can confidently and quite correctly claim to have a enactment of instances of the latter sort but no human being can rightly claim to have the former sort, since no human being has ever attained the wisdom Socrates himself disclaims having when he professes ignorance, (Brickhouse, and smith 31). current enough, Socrates humility in professing himself to be without wisdom has puzzled observers adn scholars for quite some time however, the access that wisdom exists, apart from human understanding, nd must be pursued even to the chief of admitting that it cannot be attained, leaves the entire issue of wisdom up in the air form a pragmatic point of view. Socrates may believe that human wisdom is of little or no value (23a6-7).What would be of great value, if only he had itnamely, real wisdomSocrates and all others lack. The greatest wisdom for human beings, as we have just se en, is the recognition that we are in truth worth nothing in respect to wisdom (Brickhouse, and Smith 33) and this type of vision is, of course, another variation on a religious or metaphysical concept that of Divine Wisdom. For Socrates, wisdom is an abstract power deemed tor reside within the Divine consciousness but only sparingly in human consciousness.I would say that nay definition of wisdom which fails to forward a concrete, pragmatic application as pertains to human society and individual behavior is worthwhile only from a purely intellectual point of view.Works CitedBrickhouse, Thomas C. , and Nicholas D. Smith. Platos Socrates. New York Oxford University Press, 1995. Harding, Walter, ed. Thoreau A Century of Criticism. Dallas, TX Southern Methodist University Press, 1954. Thoreau, Henry David. The Major Essays of Henry David Thoreau. Ed. Richard Dillman. Albany, NY Whitston Publishing, 2001.

Friday, April 12, 2019

Goody Proctor Essay Example for Free

Goody Proctor Es give voiceHe asked the question in such(prenominal) surprise and disgust, the author has been very extreme in gentlemany every day situations that we would sound off ordinary, a nonher physical exercise is, Martha my wife. I have waked at night many a time and make up her in a corner, reading a book. Now what do you make of that this tells us how the people of capital of Oregon cry catchcraft at anyone incompatible, that something so ordinary to us may be deemed evil to another. Arthur milling machine manifests us how different there morals lie and this in turn contri savees to our under rooting of how Abigail lets things spiral so far out of control. When realizing the cultural difference and conversely the vast similarities that, though sometimes unnoticed, effected two the McCarthy trials and correspondingly us today it makes the reader draw detections from there own lives and feel empathy for the characters and there doomed circumstances. The prude r ules add to the hysteria, as it makes simple life choices so dramatic, Marriage is a main newspaper column of the puritan lifestyle an example of how marriage becomes more imperative is shows this is the name goody this is the name attached to puritans who are married.This shows us that to puritans class married women above others. In puritan realign one is not considered an adult until they are married, this also puts pressure on children to find a husband, this status is shown in an line of primering between stool Procter and Marry Warren Ill whip the devil out of you go to do it -Ill not be ordered to bed any more, Mr. Procter I am eighteen and a woman, hitherto single. Marry Warren is gener aloney a timid charter but she wants to be classed as a women despite the fact she is not married and because of that she is pulld to speak out.This quote shows that a The whole of the puritan lifestyle in focused on marriage and church, both of which Abigail is tampering with, and to understand part of the reason as to why the people of Salem were so distort over whelmed and bewildered at how to deal with the accusation of femme fatalecraft is that puritan people live a sheltered life restricted by the enforcers of there realign. An example of this is uncle we did danceIll be whipped if I must to our modern day rescript and people in the 1950s this would seem outrageous and over barring that they want to control your life, but author miller is drawing links between capitalism and Puritanism, both trying to control peoples radical and mood of life. It proves that the majority of people weigh in what there told by there elected authority, capitalists say communism is bad they then go round destroying the lifes of those who challenge them.In Salem they say all you must have in your life is church and marriage people that try a gratuitous from their rules e. g.supposed whichs, were prosecuted and eventually killed. But there comes a point where a person must stand up for what is clearly and ethically defame, in the McCarthy trial it was Arthur miller through writing this play, and in quill it was john Procter, the protagonist in this tragedy, the main character, author millers own creation. The author perceptively wrote Abigails pretended self-importance based on that of a real person, whose identity adds to the depth of the character a young girl named Abigail Williams, aged 10 in the McCarthy trials was Arthur Millers foundation for the fictional character that was later formed.At first the about noticeable feature is there difference in age however when forecasting at the fictional Abigail Williams immaturity insinuates this make them more similar than first perceived this is shown in the quote with a shoddy of anger How do you call me child this shows her irrational unstable emotions and insecurities and as a result her actions make her plain more childlike as she seems to be oblivious to the damage she causes throughout Sale m.This is also displayed in the way she talks to her friends an example is in the quote I say shut it, Marry Warren this reason how immaturely and impatiently she deals with people. Another example is though the way she talks to the reverend about others Its a bitter woman, a lying, shabby sniveling woman Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar she is talking to her uncle a senior and supposedly respected family member refer more a man of highest authority inside Salem.Yet despite this fact she is still rude, unforgiving and disrespectful whilst in the heraldic bearing of a man of the church Abigail doesnt refer to her as a person with feelings rather uses the words, its and woman. Moreover she uses lying, cold and sniveling, three descriptive words to emphasize her point, this repetitive technique is a demonstration of how grammar and techniques like this render to her subtle barely calculated persuasion.Finally even the grand judge of the court Danforth, if you make me settlemen t that question I shall leave and never come back this show that even when the truth is shown she is so stubborn that she will deny it until she is blue in face, even when she is about to be proved wrong she stands her ground as she cannot handle anyone challenging her self authority like a child having a temper tantrum. Abigail is determined in her will to acquire john Procter so much so she comes crossways as spoilt and stubborn.This is shown in the quote you love me John Procter an what ever sin it is you love me yet This childlike character trait is very important as her stubborn and irrational ideas are what driveway her to continue accusing witches. Abigails sharp mind helps her convincing overpower the people around her. The other girls look up to Abby, she is always sure in herself participate quote this makes them idolize her and consequently this prompts the girls do what she wants, an example of this is said by one of the girls Marry Warren whatll we do?The whole coun trys talking witchcraft Theyll be calling us witches Abby this show that they confide an trust her, she uses Abigail informal name Abby this suggest she sees Abigail as a friend, this is supported as they turn to her for advice as she seems more mature, but her scheming mind uses this admiration to force them to do as she demands. Her controlling nature is also apparent in the quote Betty? Now Betty unspoiled wake up now. Its Abigail. Ill beat you Betty My you seem to be improving shes uses a rage of different devices to suit the target earshot, in this case Betty is a small child, and so she plays on her dependence on Abigail, by instilling fear this is done through using changes in approach such as variations of tone at first gentle then angry and then comforting, she even resorts to threats till she gets her to talk, she takes the audience through emotional ride with unexpected twists this makes her good not just as a gripping character but as a device on stage. Secondly innoc ent people within the village, I wrote in his book I go back to Jesus I kiss his hand.I axiom Sarah good with e the devil I saw goody Osborn with the devil I saw Bridget bishop with the devil this also shows she has no remorse as she continually accuses and as a results has them killed. Thirdly Abigail is gifted this adds to her manipulation she works out how to get around people, a quote which shows this is, we danced that is all breathe a word about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some wicked night and however although Abigail sees her self in a higher status to the other girls and as such comfortable in making them experience weakness so they feel reliance upon her.Arthur miller wrote the crucible as a Tragedy this adds to the drama created by the charters, as we know they are destined for a disastrous and untimely end. The author has included typical themes used in a tragedy. Firstly he is describing the downfall of a great man in this case john Pro cter. What makes him grate is that he is the except person that sees through the high courts for what they really are however he gave in to temptation insert quote about john sleeping with Abigail this quote tells us his hubris, his weakness it was that he lusted after Abigail and perpetrate adultery.She is his weakness an as such is a hamartia, the person that causes the downfall of the protagonist. Abigails importance as a hamartia is so vital to the play, so much if she hadnt of slept with john, the chain of events that led to his death and the many others in the witch trials, wouldnt have happened. Consequently its Abigails lust for john that causes her to go to the woods, that starts the witchcraft suspicions that Abigail uses to her vindictive advantage. The start of the Salem witch trial was initiation by Abigail Williams, with the soul purpose of accusing Elizabeth and gets her killed.She did this because she is assumed with love for john and wants to believe her feelings arent unrequited, give me a word, john. A soft word. (Her concentrated smile and desire destroys his smile) the remembrance of the affair makes john uncomfortable and unhappy, this shows that where as Abigail is still hopeful, shown through concentrated desire those words show us how exacting her love is, she is desperately searching for some reassurance that her feelings are not unrequited.However Abigail says you loved me, john proctor, and some(prenominal) sin it is, you love me yet this shows us how insecure she is, that she tries to convince someone to love her, and by formulation it out loud shes almost trying to convince herself. This unrequited love makes us feel down in the mouth for Abigail as shes desperately trying to make excuses for him. In his quote she says loving her is a sin, this is an important in the puritan lives, as they are meant live for god. If she is a sin it is understandable that he does not show his feelings for her.

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Describe How Bacteria Decode Its Genetic Information to Produce Proteins Essay Example for Free

Describe How Bacteria trace Its Genetic Information to Produce Proteins EssayBacteria belongs to a group of organism that lacks cell nub and membrane bound organells. This group of organisms are termed as prokaryotes. Prokaryotes follows the central dogma of molecular biology commencement proposed by Francis Crick in 1958 to synthesize proteins from messenger RNA by means of a process called translation and the mRNA is being synthesized from the desoxyribonucleic acerbic by another process called Transcription. Temperature, nutrient availibity are some key brokers that hold out the process of synthesizing proteins in response to these key factors. Example.This paper will provide an explanation as to how bacterium decode the genetic selective information to produce proteins. Transription generates 3 kinds of RNA. Transfer RNA( acceptor RNA) carries aminic acid during protein synthesis, ribosomal RNA molecules seeded player together to form ribosomes while mRNA bears th e message for protein synthesis. In bacteria, mRNA often carries coding information of more than 1 gene therefore it is said to be polycistronic (DIAGRAM). MRNA is synthesized under the direction of DNA by RNA polymerase. This polymerase in its core enzyme form has 5 subunits.A 6th subunit called the Sigma factor helps the core enzyme to recognise and bind to the promoter regions which are often found at -35 basepair and -10 basepair( in addition called Pribnow box) upstream of the system site. Upon binding, RNA polymerase unwinds the helical DNA and this open region becomes a open complex. There is a savvy as to why the -10bp site is chosen. The enthalpy bonds between the nucleotides in the Pribnow box are weak and well broken, forming the open complex. RNA polymerase progresses along the DNA unwound DNA strand and starts to synthesize mRNA in the 5 to 3 direction.MRNA synthesized is thus complementary and anti parallel to the template DNA. Termination of transcription gestate a terminator. There are two kinds of terminator, rho-in regardent terminator which refers to a nucleotide sequence that when transcribed into RNA, forms hydrogen bonds within the single-strande RNA, this intrastrand bonds creates a hairpin-shape loop and causes RNA polymerase to give transcribing and dissociate from the template strand. Another terminator depend on a protein called the rho factor which causes RNA polymerase to dissociate from the mRNA. Its exact mechanism remains unclear.With the mRNA synthesized by the RNA polymerase using DNA of the bacteria as template, the mRNA are translated to amino acids which are conjugated covalently to form a polypeptide. Translation begins when a ribosomes binds to mRNA and acceptor RNA molecules carry the amino acid correspending to the codons rate by the mRNA to the ribosome so that the amino acid can be added to the polypeptide chain as the ribosome moves slash the mRNA strand. Translation initiated by formation of initiation comp lex consisting of 30s and 50 sribosomal subunits, Formyl-methionyl tRNA and the mRNA. Proteins called intitial factors are also required to form the complex.The two ribosomal subunits that come together to for, the complex are commonly refer to as the 70s ribosome. This 70s ribosome has two sites in which tRNA carrying amino acids can bind to. One is called the P site and A site. There is also an E site where tRNA are released. The initiating transfer t RNA carrying formylmethionyl binds to the P site, a tRNA that recognises the next codon ann carries the second amino acid moves in to the A site. The formylmethionie carried by the tRNA in the P site is then joined to the amino acid carried by the tRNA that moreover entered the A site by a peptide bonds.The ribosome then advance a distance of 1 codon. The tRNA that carries the formylmethionie is released at the E site. A tRNA carrying the next amino acid now moves in through the A site where the anti codon matches the codon of the m RNA. The ribosome shift down a distance of 1 codon, the 2 amino acid on the tRNA in the P site are transferred to the new amino acid and the 2nd tRNA is released at the E site. This cycle is repeated. Elongation is terminated by a stop codon. Stop codon do not code for any amino acid.

Monday, April 8, 2019

Discounted Cash Flow Techniques Essay Example for Free

Discounted property Flow Techniques EssayA brief tutorial on Excel financial functions (problems to follow)You may scratch the following Excel, built-in financial functions helpful when analyzing the problems below. (To access these functions, select Insert, Functions, and choose Financial.)=PV( enjoin, nper, pmt, fv, type) tops the designate value of a series of cash flows.=FV( compute, nper, pmt, pv, type) returns the futurity value of a series of cash flows.=PMT(rate, nper, pv, fv, type) calculates the periodic payment for a loanword found on constant payments and a constant entertain rate. =NPER(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) returns the number of periods for an investment ground on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.=NPV(rate, range) returns the net defer value of an investment based on a discount rate and a series of future payments (negative values) and income (positive values). (Warning By convention, NPV calculates the net present value one perio d before the premier(prenominal) cash flow.)=IRR(range, guess) returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.In these functions,rate = the discount, or interest rate.nper = number of periods.pmt = yearly uniform payment.fv = future value, or future cash flow.type is a logical value all(prenominal)owing you to specify if cash flows hail at the end or the beginning of the period. A value of 1 indicates beginning of period, 0 or omitted indicates end of period.pv = present value.range = the cells on your spreadsheet containing the cash flows you want to analyze. For example, if the cash flows are in the first 10 rows of column A, the entry for range would be a1a10.guess = your guess as to the internal rate of return. This helps the computer tie started and may be left blank.An example Suppose you want to know the present value of $100 per form for 19 years and $500 at the end of the 19th year when the interest rate is 13 pct.Select a spreadsheet cell and enter =PV (0.13,19,100,500). Excel will return ($742.83). This is the amount one should be willing to pay today to receive the indicated stream of cash flows when the interest rate is 13 percent.Problems1) An investment costing $50,000 promises an after tax cash flow of $18,000 per year for 6 years.a. Find the investments accounting rate of return and its payback period.b. Find the investments net present value at a 15 percent discount rate.c. Find the investments profitability index at a 15 percent discount rate.d. Find the investments internal rate of return.e. Assuming the required rate of return on the investment is 15 percent, which of the above figures of merit indicate the investment is attractive? Which indicate it is unattractive?2) A $1,000 par value, 10 percent coupon bond matures in 20 years. If the price of the bond is $1,196.80, what is the regress to maturity on the bond? Assume interest is paid annually.3) Ten years ago you invested $1,000 for 10 shares of Trublock common sto ck. You sold the shares recently for $2,000. While you owned the stock it paid $10.08 per share annual dividends. What was your rate of return on Trublock stock?4) Having heard of your knowledge of present value techniques, you fall in been asked to testify as an expert witness in the following lawsuit.Several homeowners in a nearby community have organized to protest against alleged gouging on the part of a local lending institution. One resident physician presents his payment book as evidence.The resident has a 30-year, fixed rate loan at 6 percent interest for $200,000. He got the loan 10 years ago and has been making equal annual payments of $14,529.60 ever since. He observes that he has paid the lending company $145,296.00 yet his payment book indicates that the tip due on the loan has only declined by $33,345.40. He presents this as obvious proof of gouging on the part of the money changers. Do you agree? Why, why not?5) In 1984, the city council of the town of Patterson h old that their community badly in need of a modern hotel that would cost approximately $25 million. To pay construction members of the council organized the Patterson Hotel pile. Through strenuous promotion they raised $15 million by change 15,000 shares of stock at $1,000 per share. They secured the other $10 million necessary to build the hotel as a loan provided by a local bank on a 10 year, 14 percent mortgage that called for uniform annual payments sufficient to pay interest and to extinguish the debt at the end of 10 years.Upon completion, the Patterson Hotel Corporation leased the hotel to a national company that operated a chain of hotels. The lease ran for 30 years and contained a clause permitting the lessee to purchase the hotel for $10 million at the end of the 30-year period. The lessee agreed to furnish the hotel and pay all taxes (including income taxes) and in operation(p) expenses, and was to meet the interest and repayment obligations on the mortgage during the first 10 years of the lease. During the brave 20 years of the lease, the operating company agreed to make payments sufficient to permit annual dividends of $ cd per share. No payments at all were to be made to the stockholders during the first 10 years. This was the most favorable operating contract that Patterson Hotel Company was able to negotiate.When stockholders, party of whom had bought stock under considerable pressure, learned that there was no prospect of dividends for 10 years, they were quite upset, and a number of them were anxious to sell their stock. Conrad Billings, a local businessmen in the original group that promoted the hotel, was reported to be buying stock from some of these disgruntled stockholders at $750 a share.Some locals were heard to comment that Conrad Billings was a clever old bastard who was taking favour of his public-spirited neighbors. There were remarks regarding the fat dividends he would be receiving after the mortgage was paid off. One man was said to have declined Billings offer of $750 a share and to have commented publicly that nobody was going to get his stock unless they paid what it was worth.Make whatever assumptions and calculations you find necessary to estimate the fair value of the stock. Was $750 a share really too low a price?6) You need four new tires for your car. You bed buy cheap retread tires for $25 a piece and replace them every 20,000 miles or you crumb spend $40 per tire and replace them every 40,000 miles. If money has an opportunity cost of 10 percent to you, how many miles must you drive annually to warrant the more expensive tires?