'Importance of Biogas plant Essay\r'

'The goose egg prospect is for the intimately part assessed on the prat of purchasable\r\n mercenary ack this instantledgments of verve i.e., fossil fuel uniform hired gun, coal, anele etc. statewide, there is a major(ip) transition netherway in the ability sector. Bio shove off bed be a authorization source of renewable push button, Resi payables from bio flub excessively proven as a world-shaking source of organic fertiliser fertilizer. If there is veracious policy and implementation, Bangladesh’s animation crisis and organic fertilizer engage apprise be control through bio burn out determine.\r\n1. Introduction\r\nBy 2020, the world is throwing into turmoil as demand for capability begins to greatly exceed the summate †crippling m whatsoever economies and triggering widespread affable unrest. Many countries in the West whitethorn experience a decline in living standards †with oil rationing and saving measures introduced by administ rations and substantial reductions in travel, tourism and aviation. The crisis plays out for n first cardinal decades, stepwise being resolved by a switch to renewable nonhing and selection fuel technologies. In Bangladesh context, neither the decision- commitrs nor the experts compensate due importance on strait-laced extraction and pulmonary tuberculosis of renewable verve. here g arrayr population is using raw(a) screw up and imported oil, with the present say of uptake, natural pushing resources like turgidity pull up stakes be exhausted shortly and this is high-pitched duration to derive policy and make for exploration and usage of alternative renewable sources if we want to meet zippo crisis in near future. Bio bungleconade has been found to be a proven renewable energy excerpt.\r\n2. Biogas\r\nBiogas, a cheap secondary renewable energy, is a gaseous fuel obtained from biomass by the unconscious subroutine of anaerobic digestion or fermentation. Biog as fermentation is the execute by which organic materials much(prenominal) as human or animal body bodge, interior(prenominal)ated wastage, coarse wastage etc, atomic number 18 degraded, by gigantic quantities of various microbes of antithetic functions, under anaerobic conditions, to yield methane ( rough 55-70% content), carbon dioxide (about 3045% content) and low criterion of other gases in the end. Biogas can be riding habit as a vehicle fuel or for generating electricity. It can to a fault be burned directly for prepargondness, hot uping, lighting, process heat and absorption refrigeration. Cattle dung, agricultural difference, poultry dropping, pissing hyacinth, human excreta may be utilize as raw materials for biogas botanys. A typical biogas coiffe consists of a digester in which the slurry (dung mixed with wet) is fermented; an ingestion tank utilizationd to mix the afford and let it into the digester; a gas toter/ dome in which the gene vagabondd gas is composed; an outlet tank to remove the fatigued slurry; distri saveion pipelines to take the gas into the kitchen.\r\n3. How Biogas formulated\r\nBiogas is haved by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, putting green waste, plant material, and crops. Biogas comp stands primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have sm every(prenominal) joins of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes.\r\nThe gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO) can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy rid allows biogas to be use as a fuel. Biogas can be used as a fuel in any country for any heating advise, such as cooking. It can overly be used in anaerobic digesters where it is typically used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat. Biogas can be compressed, much like natural gas, and used to power motor vehicles.\r\n4. Advantages of Bi ogas Technology:\r\nA authority source of renewable energy.\r\nA source of amend organic fertilizer.\r\nA mechanism for wastage heed.\r\nSave milieu.\r\n4.1 A say-so source of renewable energy.\r\n button is maven of the basic ingredients required to alleviate pauperism and socio-economic instruction. The energy prospect is generally assessed on the basis of available commercial sources of energy i.e., fossil fuel like gas, coal, oil etc. Worldwide, there is a major transition underway in the energy sector. It is happening due to the following trey major reasons:\r\n(I) A decline in fossil fuel availability, their predicted gradual quenching in the next somewhat decades and the consequence price volatility due to demand-supply gap. (ii) The pick out to drastically cut global e missionary posts for mitigating humour change (80% Reduction by 2050).\r\n(iii) The pauperism for energy security. In Bangladesh efficient employment of renewable energy resources is until n ow to come across commercial dimensions and hence rational policy dissemination on renewable energy usage is essential. The renewable energy includes solar, wind, biogas and biomass; hydro, geothermal, tidal wave etc.\r\nDespite of in a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) place scenario biogas source can be use as a potential source of renewable energy.\r\n4.2 A source of alter organic fertilizer.\r\nBio product of biogas plant is improved organic fertilizer. This fertilizer contains organic atom like nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium & axerophthol; small Nutrients: Nitrogen:\r\nProducing compost fertilizer Nitrogen losses calculated 50 % in all three months at the term of aerobic fermentation, on the other chip in 10 % losses calculated go producing from biogas residues\r\nâ€\r\nFigure- 2 shows, Nutrition’s par between Chemical fertilizer and biogas residues from Biogas plant ( proceeds in percentage):\r\nBiogas can outline sustainable landed estate use. Reduced use of fertilizers and insecticides compargond with lands used for row crops, protection of riparian areas, and corrosion protection for sensitive land areas.\r\n4.3 A mechanism for Wastage treatment\r\nmunicipal waste is the aband mavend materials which have been thr testify outside(a) after use in unremarkable life in the urban area. Municipal waste generally compose of nutriment scrap, packaging materials, used shaping materials, play out etc. Due to the increasing appendage of urban population in Bangladesh this municipal waste is getting high concerns from the management perspective. Also the management of this huge amount of waste is a worth of whopping expense. The\r\nhuge amount of waste in the urban areas of Bangladesh due the rapid development of population can be a potential source of biogas occupation. The calculation shows that by adopting active biogas collection procedure in the major landfills of the main cities can spend a penny 319989.36 KWh of electric ity. Recommendations are given to develop this engine room within minimized cost and ensuring surroundingsal safety. The unhygienic dumping zones in every city could me turned into a potential source of renewable energy by adopting active gas collection engineering science instead of spending money to manage the waste in that areas and keeping a huge land area unused. To search the untouched potential of biogas source of municipal waste following actions are recommended:\r\n-To trace the investment in this sector government activity should demonstrate one pilot purge with the help of foreign education partners.\r\n-Private sectors should be given incentives to invest in biogas from municipal waste.\r\n-The technologies used in the countries successfully follow waste to electricity system should be imported with necessary subsidies.\r\n-To facilitate the spirit media should be used properly.\r\n4.4 Save Environment.\r\nThe glasshouse yield is caused by gases in the nimbu s (mainly carbon dioxide, CO2) which allow the sun’s short wave radiation to constitute the earth airfoil while they absorb, to a\r\nlarge degree, the long wave heat radiation from the earth’s surface and from the atmosphere. Due to the â€Å"natural nursery effect” of the earth’s atmosphere the fair(a) temperature on earth is 15°C and not minus 18°C.\r\nThe cast up of the so called greenhouse gases which\r\nalso include methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, etc. cause a rise of the earth’s\r\ntemperature. The World Bank Group expects a rise in sea levels until the year 2050 of up to 50 cm. Flooding, erosion of the coasts, Stalinization of ground water and loss of land are besides a few of the consequences mentioned. Until now, instruments to reduce the greenhouse effect considered primarily the reduction of CO2-emissions, due to their high pro fate in the atmosphere. though other greenhouse gases appear to be only a small portion of the atmo sphere, they cause much more constipation to the climate. Methane is not only the second most important greenhouse gas (it contributes with 20% to the effect while carbon dioxide causes 62%), it has also a 25 quantify higher global warming potential compared with carbon dioxide in a time horizon of 100 years. The Bio gas plant efficiently reduces the amount of methane directly released into the atmosphere, by trapping it and facilitating its use as a green fuel. After burning, methane only releases righteous gases in air.\r\nOther uses of biogas:\r\nWith the help of biogas we can elbow grease gas generator to produce electricity in rural area. We can use gas incubator to produce poultry chicken from egg. We can use gas lantern by using bio gas in iniquity time in hamlet area. Hotel and restaurant can use biogas for cooking purposes by using the residue of vegetable and food waste. We can drive gas hitter for hitting water during winter season. Different poultry and dairy farm can miti entrance their study of gas by using their own animal excreta.\r\n5. Biogas significance in Bangladesh\r\nAs a country of large population and for the convenient environment Biogas might be the potential source of energy. Though late government has initiated just about pilot date with the help of some foreign NGOs, but the utilization of the full potential is yet to r apiece. The main problem is lying in lack of public awareness and social prejudices. Government should supply the requested equipments to the unavowed organization with less expense to pull ahead the function in this sector.\r\n5.1 Types of Biogas Digester invented by Bangladesh government\r\norganization’s LGED:\r\n in that respect are three types of basic targets of biogas plants tried and true in Bangladesh: (I) Floating cover digester: It whole kit and boodle on the principle of constant embrace, changing volume. The digester, rounded wellhead, commonly made from brick and cement, is covered with a floating blade cylinder with an free-spoken bottom (Fig. A). As the cylinder has a constant weight, it moves up when gas production is higher than intake and comes down under the reverse conditions.\r\n(ii) Fixed cover digester: It works according to the principle, constant volume, changing pressure. When the rate of gas production is higher than that of gas consumption pressure inside the digester rises and expels some digester contents into the outlet compartment. When the consumption is higher than production, pressure inside the digester falls and the expelled materials in the outlet compartment run back to the digester (iii) ductile Cover digester: A long cylindric polythene/PVC bag, half-buried longitudinally in the ground, is fed with fresh cow-dung slurry at one end and discharged at the other. With the institution of gas, the bag swells like a heave and the gasis led out to the point of use through a pipe by putting pressure on the aviate form outside In early 80’s, the floating type bearing was used for biogas plant. But dueto corrosion of the steel dome, the gas leakage problem happened and it could not be removed. Later on BCSIR tried with fixed done type concept and it has been successful in all biogas plants. The plastic bag type chassiss not used in Bangladesh it is used in China. In this project, the fixed dome type design has been proposed.\r\n5.2 Availability of biomass in Bangladesh for energy generation. The amount annual generation and recoverable amounts of biomass in Bangladesh are about 165 and 9 MT/year respectively. Agricultural residues conciliate 48% of the total recoverable biomass followed by 23.9% from animal wastes and poultry droppings. In two hundred6, the biomass consumption for energy in Bangladesh was about 350 pico-Joules (PJ). At an average annual growth rate of 1.3%, the consumption in 2010 will be about 370 PJ. The total recoverable biomass energy of the country in 2006 was about 1250 PJ from which about 820 PJ of biomass energy was available for electricity generation. On the other hand,\r\nthe total biomass\r\nenergy consumption in 2006 was about 473 PJ. Assuming the said(prenominal) average annual growth rate of 1.3%, the biomass consumption in 2010 will be about 286 PJ. on that pointfore, the amount of biomass energy available in 2006 was 777 PJ, which is equivalent to 216 terawatt-hours (TWh). According to these two predicts and considering that the consumption of biomass for non-energy purposes is negligible, the annual available biomass energy potential for electricity generation in Bangladesh is in the range of 216- 250 TWh.\r\n5.3 Present biogas coevals Rate:\r\nAccording to Infrastructure knowledge Company Limited (IDCOL) sources, Bangladesh has 215,000 poultry farms and 15,000 cattle farms where electricity could be generated by establishing biogas plants. So far, 35,000 biogas plants have been established for the production of gas for cooking purposes in the rural areas. IDCOL has pitch a target of establishing 60,000 biogas plants by 2012, each of which could produce, on average, 94.22 square feet of gas. At present, 3.3 one thousand thousand square feet biogas is being produced in the country.\r\n5.4 Affordability\r\nBiogas is a proven engineering; there is no risk of failure if proper design and supervision can be ensured. virtually of the micro finance institutions are now convinced and took decision to provide lend for the fabricateion of Biogas plants. Most of the urban deplorable can not afford gas connection as it costs Tk. 200 to Tk. 400 per month. Instead they can stick in Biogas plants with. Bank loan and repay the loan out of their fuel savings ‘domestic’ size Biogas plant of 100 cft energy cost Tk. 15,000 to Tk.18, 000 and can meet the cooking energy need for a five- outgrowth family. Impact on health and environment: Large scale bio energy development in Bangladesh could bring signifi cant environmental benefits. Sustainable bioenergy development could: Reduce higher level of deforestation. Reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. Improve air lumber and reduce acid deposition. Improve footing quality and reduce erosion. Reduce land filling by adding value to residues.\r\n5.5 Few case study:\r\nBiogas plants in antithetical institution: LGED has prepareed 61 Biogas plants in different educational institutes, orphanages, hospitals, school/college hostels for solving the sanitation problems and getting biogas as an alternative energy source. One of these important plants is in Faridpur orphanage. There are 250students and staff in Faridpur orphanage. For their night soil disposal they needed to construct a abscessed tank for 250 users with Tk.60, 000. LGED in mid 1992 constructed a Biogas plant with Tk. 16,000which served the purpose of septic tank as well as a source of gas and fertilizer. This has reduced the investment by Tk. 34,000 and the mission has been sa ving Tk. 25,000 against fuel cost per year.\r\n parapraxis 1: Ganaktuli Sweeper colony, Dhaka:\r\nThere are five buildings for sweepers and 40 families inhabit in each building. The latrines of the buildings were not committed with any septic tank or sewer system. Previously, night soil was press release through surface drain creating health hazard. To connect the latrines of building nary(prenominal)I to the nearby sewerage line Tk. 60,000 and to construct a septic tank for 221 users of the building Tk. 50,000 were necessary. Instead, LGED constructed a Biogas plant for Tk. 20,000 in 1993which is working till directly without any problem giving satisfactory gas to meet fuel need of all families of 1 building. There was some maintenance for leakage and Tk. 300 was spent. observing the performance of the plant, residents of other 4 buildings constraind pressure on the city corporation to construct similar plant in those buildings. By now Biogas plants have been constructed in all the remaining 4 buildings.\r\nCase 2: ‘Ecological Village’ Amgram/Uttar Hogla in Madaripur: LGED took up ‘Ecovillage’ project on experimental basis as pilot programme with the objectives to make the villagers aware about environment and technology, create clear, healthy and learnable environment in the villages and inspire the bulk around the villages to accept such project. There are 662 people in the village in 123 families. likewise other socio economic activities, the following facilities were also provided: There was no latrine in the village and 95latrines were constructed. As an alternative source of energy 15 Biogas plants were installed, three persons were trained in the wind of Biogas plant. The Biogas plants are providing energy commentary to the villagers.\r\n6. Conclusion:\r\nDifferent implementing agencies in Bangladesh, which are active in promoting bio gasification technology, are not paying sufficient attention to effective and f ocused groupcollaborative R& angstrom unit;D aimed at renovating, optimising and improving the design for fitting to local conditions. Limited R& adenosine monophosphate;D facilities and capabilities and lack of co-ordination among the researchers and implementing authorities may well pose a major stumbling-block towards the success of this endeavour. Moreover, the follow-up action program is also very limited. Sometimes, the plant-owners do not get proper technical steering for the operation and maintenance of their plants.\r\nThus, the successful act and extension of this option depends on:\r\ninstitutional measures and close collaboration between sectors involved. This should include, among others, readiness for soft loans and/or subsidy; availability of standard prototype for design and construction and site-specific maintenance guidelines;\r\nmeaningful public involvement which should aim at passing germane(predicate) information of this technology to the community to out growth awareness and promote acceptability of this technology;\r\nAccurate calculation of the benefits of this technology.\r\nBiomass could play a role in reducing C02 emissions in both of these sectors. As the slurry remains in the digester for 30-40 days in anaerobic condition, the effluent becomes pathogen free and the output is smell-free combustible gas and organic fertilizer which is improving the environment and preventing diseases. At present Bangladesh meet 46.15% of its energy need by agricultural residue, 10.5% by cow dung, 12.9% by fuel wood and 33% by tree residue. This essence that to meet our energy need we are depriving, ourselves from organic fertilizer and creating environmental asymmetry by deforestation. One pragmatic estimate puts that the use of biogas will reduce energy deficit at least by 15%.\r\nReference:\r\nBangladesh Power Development Board. Annual Report of 2006-2007. Dhaka, Bangladesh: BPDB, 2008. on hand(predicate) www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/Annual% 20Report-10.pdf\r\nBiogas Digest,Vol 1, Information and Advisory military service on Appropriate Technology (ISAT),GTZ (PREGA), Bangladesh sylvan Report,2003.\r\nObozov, A.D. and Asankulova, â€Å"Biogas in Kyrgyzstan”, Applied Solar Energy, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 262â€265\r\nWaste Concern Database, http://www.wasteconcern.org/database.html\r\nM. Alamgir and A. Ahsan,” Municipal material Waste and Recovery voltage: Bangladesh location” ,Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 2007, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 67-76\r\nS. Karapidakis and Anna Tsave,â€Å"Electric Power Production by Biogas contemporaries at Volos Landfill in Greece” Applied Solar Energy, submitted for publication Dr.M.Eusuf, scientific Feasibility of CDM Project Dhaka metropolis Solid Waste.NTE.Bangladesh\r\nJICA (2004) Solid Waste trouble Project of Dhaka City Corporation, net Report of JICA Expert, Bangladesh. Available:\r\nwww.dhakacity.org/cleandhaka/…/CleanDhakaMasterPlanMain.p df ICAR paper (report issued by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi) http://www5.gtz.de/gate/techinfo/biogas/framecond/environ.html\r\nWinrock internationalist, Nepal Biogas Support Program (BSP) Nepal, Accessed from google on tenth September 2012.\r\nOfficial website of renewable energy information network, Bangladesh.\r\nAvailable at: http://www.lged-rein.org Accessed on 12 September 2012.\r\nBiogas program Grameen Shakti\r\nhttp://www.gshakti.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=6 4 Accessed on 12 September 2012.\r\nBangladesh electricity production from renewable sources. Available at: http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/bangladesh/electricity-production-from-renewablesources. renewable Energy Prospects & Trends in Bangladesh Presented by-Mazharul Islam. Bangladesh Power Development Board.\r\nZakariaMahbub, Husnain-Al-Bustam, SuvroShahriar, T.M. 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Mohsin, â€Å"An Analysis & Design on Micro Generation of A Domestic SolarWind Hybrid Energy System for Rural & extraneou s Areas-Perspective Bangladesh.” 2010. Website of Wikipedia on biogas. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biogas. Potential of micro hydro power units in Bangladesh. Available at:http://www.lged-rein.org/ How wind turbine works. Available at:http://www.energymatters.com.au/renewableenergy/wind-energy\r\n'