Why is China characterised as a 'Party-State' Essay

Why is China characterised as a 'Party-State' - Essay Example (Haggett, 2002:2386). Facts surrounding the general governance of such a large country agree it is a complex matter to deal with. Formal examinations done in a number of cities within China conform to this claim. However, putting focus on structural party membership shows that what is happening is largely contributing to state-party character. This is evident in that, the State of China has a system of governance that does not allow any other candidate to vie for any seat in the general elections since it is a single-party state. Reformers characterize People’s Republic of China as a state-party country due to several factors. For instance, since 1949 there has been only one party ruling all over the State of China (Shambaugh, 2009: 4). This party, Chinese Communist Party, often deals with dissents brutally and does not tolerate opposition. This State has bodies that that facilitate adjacent ruling throughout different channels of command within all its governing arms that inc lude judiciary, legislature, and executive. There are also other governing organizations and bodies in China that include; politburo, national people’s congress, courts and prosecutors, party elders, discipline commission, state council, military affairs commission, armed forces, and provinces and townships all charged with different powers and tasks. The most senior organization or body, politburo, is in charge of decision-making with its members facing no competition from anyone during elections, thanks to their survival instincts in a political culture whereby saying anything wrong can result to a life under house-arrest, or even worse. Politburos also make it to the top due to their abilities as well as their patrons support. It is the ruling party that dominates the over all outcome of these decisions made by the politburo. Additionally, people characterize People’s Republic of China as state-partied because power stems in a dynasty for long. What elaborates this is the force granted to administrators serving in the ruling party. Influence of leaders runs across all those loyalties created by him or her within the organization of a family. In this case, Chinese belief that personal relationship with leaders from the ruling party counts more than a title of a job. A distinctive example of such scenarios is the way Deng Xiaoping continued being a paramount leader even after resigning from all his official post long ago. This reveals the reason why elders in the party are critical during critical decision-making. Moreover, the ruling party, Chinese Communist Party, established measures to curb the rising focus on ways of making China a multi-party state, as they would mean competition. Therefore, the party is strengthening its organizational tools by extending further to involve successful businesspersons in its organization. Within China, there is an existing belief that Chinese Communist Party is a by-gone thing and can barely withstand or su rvive in the world’s modern globalization process (Burns, 2003:776). Nevertheless, the party is assuring itself continuum by reaching and gaining enough strength from other organizations and institutions within the new social strata of China’s executives. Consequently, from people’s perspective, it is a redefined but still a centralized government. In addition, is has a central role from the same party, which has been in existence for a long time, hence characterized as a state-party country (Sato & Eto, 2008:654). Political analysts characterize the State of China as a state-party country since independent candidates are facing daunting obstacles to their wish in becoming leaders in People’

Black Supremacy Essay Example for Free

Black Supremacy Essay Throughout history, white anglo-saxons have been notorious for mistreating all races other than its own. Malcolm X felt the white man had been actually nothing but a piratical opportunist who used Faustian machinations to make his own Christianity his initial wedge in criminal conquests(563). The earth is burdened by the white man! That is the true meaning of what Malcolm X is stating; the words Faustian machinations, meaning evil plotting, implies the whole white population is out for the blood of other races. Many members of the black race are adopting the idea of Afrocentricity; some call it black pride, I call it black supremacy. Afrocentricists are supporting their ideas with religion and the need for liberation. The liberation of the black man is needed! Molefi Asante describes the Afrocentric awareness [as] the total commitment to African liberation anywhere any everywhere by a consistent determined effort to repair any psychic, economic, physical, or cultural damage done to Africans(50). Liberation from what the white race? Molefis statement is completely ludicrous; the first copy of his book with this statement was printed in 1988, in my opinion blacks were fairly liberated in 1988. Now the second part of his statement, repair what damage? Any psychic damage which has been thrust upon the black race has not occurred for quite some time: slavery not in my lifetime nor separate bathrooms were in my lifetime. And I am not about to feel sorry about what happened before my time. Economic damage is not the white mans fault either. In this day anyone can do whatever he/she likes. The truth to the economic matter is that many of the oppressed races feel they now deserve a free ride. Absolutely no physical damage has occurred in my lifetime. As for as cultural damage, cultures evolve, they do not get damaged. Clearly all liberation of the black man has already occurred, therefore, there is know further need for reimbursement. The white race is evil! Further, the Afrocentric cause attempts to use religion to denounce the white race as heathens; according the Yakub myth, the colour black is the primal colour; other colours, consequently, are merely shades of black, except for white, which is the absence of black, hence the absence of perfection(Davies 151). The statement declares the white race to be inferior; why should any one race be inferior? Oh yeah, its to get back at the white race for all the years of hardship. The black race was called infidels for many years, and the black supremists just believe what goes around comes around. However, the truth to the matter is that all races are equally imperfect as the next statement will show. The Afrocentric religion goes on to state how the white race was formed, apparently, a black scientist named Yakub rebelled against Allah by producing a new creature with an excess of bad(white) genes These evil creatures were alloted six thousand years of rule (i. e. , until almost the present day), after which the oppressed blacks will be liberated from their bondage(Davies 51). Note the use of words in this passage: new creature, bad(white) genes, evil creature, and once again the reoccurring oppressed blacks will be liberated. All the words directs ones attention to the idea that the white race is nothing more than devils roaming the earth in search of its next prey. The black supremists are making the same arguments that the early whites made and are being reprimanded for. It seems this is a bit of a contradiction. Down with the white race! Feelings towards the white race are made apparent when Elijah [Muhammad] felt that evil was inherent in the white race, and preached that the whites could not help themselves, Molifi Asante adds we know now, of course, that the condition of evil in whites is not inherent, but inherited through history and environment(15). The quote is quite harsh; directly saying that the white race is evil no, not acting evil, is evil and will continue to stay this way. These words imply the need for eradication because evil is just the devil spelled without a d. One must stand against the devil before anything drastic occurs beyond what has already happened, for instance; an outburst of homosexuality among black men, fed by the prison breeding system, threatens to distort the relationship between friends these gays live in the make-believe world of white gays(Asante 57). The white race has already begun to corrupt the black race, according to black supremists, with the introduction of homosexuality, which is clearly a bad white habit. The word, threatens, leads one to the idea of defense against these evil, plotting, gay, devils. Paraphrasing what was earlier said, the white race will cease to rule after six thousand years of rule, setting all blacks free from the oppression of the devils(Davies 51). That time is now and the black supremists want another holocaust, with the white race suffering. The black supremists feel it is their turn to rule. Violence is the only way to stop the white race! During a speech Malcolm X declared, Twenty million ex-slaves must be permanently separated from our former slavemaster and placed on some land we can call our own. Then we can create our own jobs. Control our own economy. Solve our own problems instead of waiting on the American white man to solve our problems for us(Perry 68-69). Clearly, in 1963, Malcolm X feels full segregation is in the best interest of the black race. The quote appears fairly peaceful, however, two years later, Malcolm X changes his mind about peaceful action: Were for peace. But the people that were up against are for violence. You cant be peaceful youre dealing with them(Perry 159). A non-peaceful approach to further the black cause is being proposed by Malcolm Little (his more appropriate birth name, seeing how a little man resorts to violence). Eldridge Cleaver, leader of the Black Panthers, too felt violence is the best approach; I became a rapist It delighted me that I was defying and trampling upon the white mans law, that I was defiling his women I was getting revenge(14). This about says it, he was putting a notch in the head board, winning one for the boys. Eldridge Cleaver has, in my opinion, ignorant, uncivilized revolutionary ideas. He only wants revenge for the fact he was in jail. Cleaver reveals that Rather than owing and paying a debt to society, Negro prisoners feel that they are being abused, that their imprisonment is simply another form of the oppression which they have know all their lives(58). The Black Supremists want revenge. Black supremists want nothing less than for the black race to rule the world. They shall use ideas of religion to back up their claims upon the world and call it the liberation of their people. But the truth of the matter is the tides are turning. How can it be called liberation? The white race had these ideas 100s of years ago and the black supremists called it evil. Now they have the same evil ideas and are calling it liberation. No, the human race will never learn from history; we will just repeat it. The main question is will their ever be racial harmony in the world? I just dont know. We shall have our manhood. We shall have it or the earth will be leveled by our attempts to gain it. Eldridge Cleaver Works Cited Asante, Molefi. Afrocentricity. Trenton: Africa WP, 1992. Cleaver, Eldridge. Soul on Ice. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968. Davies, Alan. Infected Christianity: A Study of Modern Racism. Montreal: Mcgill-Queens UP, 1988. Perry, Bruce, ed. Malcolm X: The Last Speeches. New York: Pathfinder, 1989. X, Malcolm. Learning to Read. rpt. in Rereading America. ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford Books, 1992.

Unity in Bachs Cantata No.78 Essay -- Music Bach Musician Musical Ess

Unity in Bach's Cantata No.78 According to Rowell, "Musical composition became much longer, and composer were forced to evolve new means of maintaining unity and continuity over long time spans" during the Baroque period. Therefore, the texture of music became very important. When I look at the musical texutre of the Cantata No. 78 by J. S. Bach, I realized that this piece was unified very well within a movement and as a whole piece by many techniques. Some of those techniques were found in the text, and the others were in the music. First of all, the text is well organized in terms of its unity. The piece has seven movements. According to Fuller, "The first and last movements adopt the text of an established mid-seventeenth-century chorale by Johann Rist. The middle movements have new text by an unknown poet who occasionally quotes or paraphrases middle stanzas of the chorale." Moreover, this unknown pot himself repeates some words in the text. Also, those repeated words are often supported by music to emphasize the unity as a whole piece. For example, the word "Ewigkeit (eternity)" is originally in the seventh movement, and it is also sung in the sixth movement. The one in the seventh movement is at the very end of the piece with a fermate on the top of half note (p. 543, m. 16). So the note can be extended as much as it needs to express the word, "eternity." The one in the sixth movement is also a long note (p. 540-541, m. 37-38, 49-51). The word is associated with a whole note, half note and 1/8 note tied into 61/2 beats to express its meaning. Those two sections of the piece with the word, "Ewigkeit," and similar music expression would make a strong connection between the two movement. Other examples which are s... ...se upon the music structure of the last movement. The Cantata No. 78 is a very long piece of music, so the poet and the composer needed to come up with techniques to maintain its unity. For example, there are several repeated words to connect some movements together, repeated ending syllables to provide regularity in the whole piece, variation over the common bass line, and common musical development in the first and the last movement to round up as a whole piece. I believe that the fact of bringing the very basic music structure at the last movement and putting the most developed one in the first movement has very strong impact of unity. Since the music starts from much more developed and broader sense, and it has a direction towards more basic but focused and concentrated sense, it would develop the feeling of returning to home or rounding up to a whole piece.

Pure and Foolish Love in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Pure and Foolish Love in Othello       Othello, the central character of William Shakespeare's play is an excellent leader but a poor reasoner and foolish lover. The tragedy of `Othello' is largely due to Othello's personality and life experience. Othello believes himself to be loved and respected by everyone around him as most people refer to him as the "noble General Othello". Othello, after realizing his tragic mistake of murdering his innocent wife, Desdemona, claims he "loved not wisely, but too well", this is an honest reflection of himself as his love was true and pure but also foolish. His lack of wisdom is because of his little experience in personal relationship and his role as a noble solider. Othello did love too well and it is shown right through the play as he displays his love for Desdemona but also his ignorant trust and love for Iago, his Ancient.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only knowing a soldier's life, Othello was unwise in relationships and love. Othello being a soldier had only ever had formal relationships based mostly   around work until he met Desdemona who he formed his first relationship controlled only by emotion and love that they held for each other. The fact this was his first personal relationship with a woman made him naive in this new experience. Othello's lack of experience made him vulnerable to Iago's falsehoods "In Venice they do let God see the pranks they dare not show their husbands; their best conscience, Is not to leave't undone, but keep't unknown." Iago says to Othello planting a false idea of Venetian woman in Othello's mind. Othello having little knowledge of Venetian woman is easily persuaded to believe Desdemona is unfaithful to him. If Othello had of been a little wiser in lo... ...Desdemona and ignorantly Iago through the course of the play. Othello's comment on his foolishness and depth of his love is valid and justified claim as evidence in the play shows Othello did love unwisely but loved well.    Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. "Introduction" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. Jones, Eldred. "Othello- An Interpretation" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 39-55) Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Shakespeare, William. Othello. Toronto: Pocket Books, 1993.

Human Trafficking and the Tvpa

Falling in a Gray Area: Human Trafficking Victims and When to Treat Them as Human Beings Though slavery has continuously existed in some form throughout history, it has only been in the past century and a half or so that humanity has legally acknowledged that the idea of owning another person is unjust. This relatively new legal conscience has become apparent in the various laws banning the validity that a person can be property, an object.However, these laws have not eradicated slavery, as is seen by the scores of young men and women rescued from this particular brand of evil each year. In 2000, Congress attempted to address a modernized version of slavery, human trafficking, by creating a new act, called the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, also known as the TVPA. â€Å"Unfortunately, there is almost universal consensus that the Trafficking Act, while well-intentioned, has thus far failed to make sufficient strides in addressing the problem of human trafficking, either internat ionally or domestically† (Chacon: 2006, 2978).Though catching the perpetrators responsible for creating completely broken trafficking victims is of the highest importance, that justice should not come at the cost of further punishing those victims, as happens sometimes as a result of the TVPA. This paper examines the TVPA, highlighting which groups are left unacknowledged, how victims are left unprotected, and offers possible solutions for changes so these young men and women have a chance to make a better life than that which has been given them. In this realm of international organized crime, perception is everything, and that is emphasized throughout these explanations.Before delving into laws dealing with human trafficking, effective or ineffective, and the issues surrounding it, one must first get an overview of sex trafficking, and how this is related to immigration. Human trafficking is the â€Å"recruitment and transportation of a person for the purpose of exploitatio n† (Raffaelli), any kind of movement of people where there is a victim who feels helpless and is manipulated, and an offender profits from the victim feeling this way, to a degree that the victim feels going to authorities will not solve anything.A subset of human trafficking is sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is human trafficking, with the added component that the victim is â€Å"trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation,† (Raffaelli) overwhelmingly against the victim’s will. Another subset of human trafficking is slave labor, where the victim is used as a slave to makes goods or to provide services not of a sexual nature. â€Å"In each case [of human trafficking] the victim perceives himself or herself as defenseless, perceives a lack of support from U. S. uthorities and, thus, never attempts to report the abuse to law enforcement† (McCabe 2). Perception is already important because the victim perceives that law enforcement will not help them, a nd that resistance is useless. The TVPA of 2000 focuses mainly on sex trafficking rather than human trafficking as a whole, due to the fact that this form of trafficking leaves a victim completely broken because of the tactics used by traffickers. Traffickers promise their victims, usually young women, a good life in America.Once in America, all forms, papers, and visas to show a legal presence are taken away from the victims, and the traffickers begin the slow process of breaking the victims down by a vicious cycle of rape, threats, and physical and verbal abuse. Before the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, most US Legislation dealing with human and sex trafficking focused on curtailing immigration, and punishing trafficking victims as prostitutes. Trafficking victims had no protection, only fear, persecution, dislocation, and the high chance of criminal charges and deportation.Because traffickers take away all forms of identification, papers, and visas, victims would be viewed as illegal immigrants, and treated as such. At that time, the only legislative body fighting for the victims was the United Nations (UN). The UN was the driving force behind global reform for trafficking, acknowledging that human trafficking was and is a global problem, and a country like the United States viewing trafficking as a domestic problem would only create loopholes for the traffickers. Within the first couple pages, the TVPA has already, despite how unknowing, excluded a portion of the victims of sex trafficking.The act has a second, smaller bill written in, called the Violence Against Women Act of 2000. Portraying only women as victims is not only sexist and simple minded, but dangerous as well. â€Å"Traffickers primarily target women and girls† (22 USC Sec. 102(b)(1)). If young men do not entertain the possibility that they themselves could become victims, their arrogance could be what ensures their victimization. â€Å"Men and boys who are sexually explo ited must come to terms with not only the physical and emotional trauma of repeated rape and abuse, but their own conflicted sexuality and masculinity afterwards.Amanda Kloer, anti-trafficking activist, writes that this added stigma prevents them from coming forward and seeking assistance, which further compounds the problem of a lack of information regarding the exploitation of men† (Clymer). Though going into the stigma of lacking masculinity is off topic, it is worth stating that these ideals have only perpetuated the violence, and therefore victimization, against both men and women. Certain men believe that to be masculine, he must show strength, which sometimes includes beating his wife.If a man’s strength, aka that which makes him masculine, is seemingly stripped from him, he is to be shunned and his failure is to be made an example to others who would attempt to ignore this rule of society. Perception is highly important when it comes to stopping human traffickin g. When the TVPA starts compounding with U. S. immigration law to mess with the mind picture the average American has of human trafficking, criminal activity that could be stopped is completely missed, with many Americans not realizing what has happened.Another group of victims not acknowledged under the TVPA are those that entered the country willingly, maybe even legally. This is usually considered human smuggling, and is therefore not seen as equivalent with human trafficking. â€Å"The journey may begin in the same way. Some trafficking victims begin their journey in an act of smuggling, as they freely undertake a decision to pay someone to assist them in crossing the border into the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chacon: 2006, 2986).These people are voluntary migrants who usually, after entering the United States, find themselves in a situation, working under certain conditions for which their consent was never given. Dealing with consent in the TVPA is more like a dance than an outright statement: â€Å"†¦the TVPA makes no specific provisions concerning the role of victim consent. It is an open question under the TVPA whether the consent of the individual to some element of the act of trafficking obviates the conclusion that the individual is a victim of a ‘severe form of trafficking’† (Chacon: 2006, 2984-2985).It would seem as though much of this act would depend upon whether consent was given, but upon closer inspection, that is a ridiculous statement. No one, except possibly a person who is drastically mentally ill, would willingly consent to being a victim of sex trafficking. If you are acknowledged as a victim by the TVPA, the act will then attempt to extend protection to you. If the victims of human trafficking feel safe and cared for, those victims are more likely to become witnesses that have the potential to send away their victimizers for life, or at least the next twenty years.Foreign victims that qualify for this prote ction are eligible to ‘special services’ under the Attorney General Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance, 2005. Article IX deals with the extra care and assistance granted to victims of human trafficking. They are usually given necessary medical care, measures to protect them from their victimizers, direction to legal services, translation services, and immigration benefits. The immigration benefits usually end in multiple-year visas, such and the T and U visas.Of course, just because a victim is officially recognized as such does not mean that person is inherently due protection and relief. â€Å"Much of the literature diagnosing the domestic shortcomings of the TVPA focuses upon the legal barriers to relief that are encountered by trafficking victims in the United States. The proposed solutions focus on improving the identification and assistance of trafficking victims†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chacon: 2006, 2979). One of the greatest shortcomings of the TVPA is that as sistance to trafficking victims is greatly limited.There are three basic contingencies as to whether an adult trafficking victim will receive aid from the United States government. These three contingencies apply to foreign adult victims of trafficking. The first is if the victim has been subject to the TVPA’s definition of a severe form of trafficking. â€Å"The services are available to a person who meets the definition of a victim of a severe form of trafficking, without regard to whether an indictment is eventually filed, or whether any indictment that is filed includes trafficking statutes† (Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center 9).Understanding that requires a look back at the law’s definition of â€Å"severe trafficking. † Severe trafficking is a form of sex trafficking in which â€Å"a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not yet attained 18 years of age†¦through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery† (22 USC Sec. 103(8)(A-B)). Debt bondage is the most common of these, as it is the easiest to commit.A smuggler agrees to smuggle a family or individual to America, but once in America, the smuggler explains that the price unexpectedly went up, and the family or individual must now work off their debt. This degree of human trafficking â€Å"automatically includes all persons under eighteen who are forced into sex acts, but the blanket protection of children extends no further† (Chacon: 2006, 2985). The second is connected to the victim’s immigration status, which is a reference to the fact that the vast majority of human trafficking victims in the United States are foreigners that were either brought to the U.S. against their will, or came willingly under a completely different pretext. If the latter is true, it’s more than likely that all the victim’s papers are in the hands of the perpetrators, and their visa probably expired. The third contingency is the victim’s willingness to assist law enforcement to ensure that human traffickers are properly and swiftly brought to justice. If an adult victim complies with all three criteria, then that person qualifies for the protections previously mentioned. Dealing directly with perception, â€Å"†¦U. S. aw and policy actually facilitate the trafficking of human beings into and within the United States† (Misery and Myopia 2979). U. S. immigration policy not only allows this to happen, but compliments human trafficking in such a way that the evil perfection is eerie. Most of the U. S. Immigration policy is based upon the perception that foreigners are bad and evil, while native United States citizens are good and just. Vast oversimplifications such as this are more dangerous than anything else, and will only perpetuate a cycle of violence.Mos t Americans do not realize that human and sex trafficking is not just a foreign thing that happens in the red light district of Cambodia, or India, or in Eastern European nations. Though human trafficking does happen in those places, it also is taking place in the United States everyday. â€Å"The image of trafficking as a foreign evil perpetrated by minorities and migrants has at least two collateral effects that actually complicate rather than complement antitrafficking efforts† (Chacon: 2010, 1631). One of the many possible solutions to help better these laws is to not only focus on the end result of sex trafficking, i. . a satisfied client and the traffickers being paid, but on how the situation has evolved to that point, i. e. the manipulation and coercion of young men and women into a lifestyle of being victimized. â€Å"To truly address all forms of human trafficking, state criminal laws must shift the focus from what type of labor or services trafficking victims are forced to perform and the relative merits of that work and exploitation to the exploitative actions traffickers use to gain and maintain control over their victims† (Barnhart 130).Domestically speaking, many perpetrators, or ‘pimps,’ go through a process of grooming their victims to become unwilling prostitutes. This usually takes several months, and involves emotional manipulation. Though this process is nigh on impossible to catch when dealing with international human trafficking, it is nonetheless an important process. Many human traffickers have specific areas from which they pick their victims. These areas are usually at or below the poverty line, as young men and women with tall dreams and no money are easy to manipulate, and most in the neighborhood would assume the victim ran away.If local law enforcement officials in those areas are trained to recognize this process of grooming, international human trafficking will suffer. This specifically has been somew hat addressed in an amendment from 2007, where the U. S. Department of State spoke to the other countries of the world to set forth minimum standards to properly eliminate human trafficking around the globe. Though these standards are not nearly as high as they ought to be, the standards are a step in the right direction.These standards give hope that this paper will be completely proven wrong within the next few years. Though it is interesting that the U. S. Department of State require of other countries something which it has not yet achieved: â€Å"†¦whether the government of the country protects victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons†¦and ensures that victims are not inappropriately incarcerated, fined, or otherwise penalized solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being trafficked† (Trafficking in Persons Report).Another solution is not law-based, but anthropologically based. Most Americans stubbornly refuse to believe that sex trafficking is happening within America, domestic or internationally. If the average American were to look at the average busy street corner in a large city, the average American would not be looking for victims, but instead would be looking for reasons to judge the women parading their bodies. Some of those women, on that street corner, would be trafficking victims.The more aware the average American is on this issue that immigrants are very likely victims of human and sex trafficking, the faster perceptions will change as to who is ‘good’ or ‘bad’ in the issue of immigration. Criminalization of immigrants, handled spectacularly by current immigration policy, will only serve to further exacerbate the problem with mistreating victims of human trafficking. The problem seems to be not thinking of immigrants as humans. Treatment of migrants is†¦increasingly dichotomous: either a noncitizen qualifies as a trafficking victim†¦or the noncitizen is a smuggled migrantâ € ¦If the individual falls in a gray area—between an outright victim of â€Å"severe† trafficking and a smuggled migrant who is subject of everyday forms of labor exploitation—the government’s approach has been to treat the gray-area case as one involving a voluntary migrant who is not eligible for the protections available to trafficking victims† (Chacon: 2010, 1635).This is simply untrue, and these victims do not deserve such treatment. The vast majority of victimized immigrants fall in this grey area, causing further victimization by a legal system that was designed to protect the innocent, and bring their oppressors to justice. Further legislation must properly provide for the victims in the gray areas, and deliver appropriate protection to ensure the victim’s future well being.Though the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 has had improvements in the past twelve years, at its foundation lies an act that fails to adequately ackno wledge and protect the victims of sex trafficking. There have been alterations and additions to the TVPA since 2000 which has addressed a few of the issues outlined in this paper. Progress has been made, continues to be made, and there is definite hope that after a short time, human and sex trafficking will no longer be able to hide in the shadows that so greatly inhibits its detection.However, this act, as well as most law enforcement and legislators, fails to acknowledge that perception is everything when dealing with human trafficking. The right perception is important to keep as many people from becoming victims as possible and to ensure that an anti-immigrant sentiment is not perpetuated unnecessarily. Works Cited Barnhart, Melynda H. â€Å"Sex and Slavery: An Analysis of Three Models of State Human Trafficking Legislations. † 16 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 83 (2009).Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Clymer, Beth. â€Å"Why Human Trafficking Is a Men's Issue. †Ã‚  Meet Justice. Me etjustice. org, 25 May 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Chacon, Jennifer M. â€Å"Misery and Myopia: Understanding the Failures of U. S. Efforts to Stop Human Trafficking. † Fordham Law Review. 74 Fordham L. Rev. 2977 (2006), 1 Jan. 2006.Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Chacon, Jennifer M. â€Å"Tensions and Trade-offs: Protecting Trafficking Victims in the Era of Immigration Enforcement. †Ã‚  University of Pennsylvania Law Review  158. 6 (2010): 1609-653. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Human Smuggling and

How to Graduate With Little Or No Debt [Guest Post]

How to Graduate With Little Or No Debt [Guest Post] Money is one of the biggest problems students come across. It is important that when you get out of college, you are not left with repaying your loans back for years. You need to start your own life professionally and personally and paying off your debts for a long time is going to be distracting. Here are some tips for you to follow so when you finally graduate, there is little or no debt waiting for you. 1 Start Early There is no such thing as early to start saving for your future. If you know that you are going to have financial problems, you have to start thinking like an adult. Instead of spending your school life partying and wasting money, you can start saving. In the last years of your school, you can take some part-time job. It is far better than having to ask for loans or your family to provide you with financial aid. The sooner you get responsible, the easier it will be down the road. A pro tip: If you take a full load of Advanced Placement courses in high school, it can give you the college credits which can eliminate your freshman year and give you a sophomore standing. 2 Community If you take courses at your local community college, you will also be able to eliminate the need for general college courses. Make use of the early AP gains and attend a local community college for the first two years and not spend huge amounts of money on some of those Ivy League school. Spend the initial years at college by saving money at home and pay cheaper rates, and you can get transferred to the college of your choice. 3 Save Living Cost Not many students will like the idea of living at home, but it can save you a major amount of money in hindsight. Even if you do not want to spend your entire time at the college from home, you can spend the first few semesters and save some money. Most of the community colleges are non-residential. If you live far from your parents, then you can rent an apartment and share it with someone else, so the expenses are distributed. You can save your travel cost as well if you minimize your trips to your parents. 4 Make the Wise Choice Sometimes high school students do not realize how important it is to get into a college that they can afford. Most of them are so obsessed with getting to the best college that they forget to consider their financial standing. You should go to a college that offers a great education, but you should also consider if you will be able to cope up in a way that your studies are not affected. The debt that can pile up at the end of your college can be overwhelming. Choose an institution that provides good education and also doesn’t leave you in an incredible amount of debts. 5 Financial Aid and Scholarships Another way to get into the college you want and not to beg for money is to apply for scholarships or financial aids. There are a number of grants that you can qualify for, and they will help pay for your education. You will have to study hard enough to get the grades that can get you a good scholarship. Applying and researching for scholarships takes time and energy but it is worth all the effort. Try applying as early as the sophomore year in your school, so your chances are better. 6 Make a Budget If you have not made a budget for yourself yet, it is never too late to do so. Having a budget is helpful whether you are at any stage of your life. It keeps you in check, and you are more careful with your spending; otherwise, you will just waste it away without even realizing. Find ways you can spend lesser money in college. Try avoiding expensive utility items or spending on notes that you can easily get online. Do not spend an extra amount of money on clothes and bring lunch with you instead of getting it from school. Make a budget right now. When you figure out ways to spend less in college, you will begin to require fewer student loans. 7 Tuition Assistance Program Did you know you can get your Master’s degrees through your employers? Many employers in the U.S. have tuition assistance programs. What you just need to do is ask your Human Resources department to set up a tuition assistance plan. 8 Graduate on Time Less than 40 percent of college students graduate on time, and most of the students always have some courses left. When you spend more time in college, your expenses will be more, and you will have to take more loans. Graduating when you are supposed to will minimize your expenses and give you the opportunity to get a job as soon as you need. Plan the schedule of your courses in each semester and stay on track. Author: Taylor Hill Taylor Hill works for a financial technology company Stilt located in San Francisco which is revolutionizing the way individuals with limited or zero credit history get loans in the U.S.

Annual and Anniversary

Annual and Anniversary Annual and Anniversary Annual and Anniversary By Maeve Maddox A non-native English speaker wonders about this use of the word anniversary in a business communication: The prices and products below are based on a 36-month contract, free unit and free installation. Tracker experiences an across-the-board anniversary increase (inflation based) every October. The reader comments, I cannot remember ever seeing â€Å"anniversary† used in this context. I would have expected a word such as â€Å"annual.† The usage sounds odd to a native speaker as well. Both words, annual and anniversary, derive from the Latin annus, â€Å"returning yearly.† Anniversary entered the language as a noun in the early 13th century with the meaning â€Å"day of a person’s death.† In church use, anniversary came to be used attributively in the phrase â€Å"anniversary days,† dates on which saints or martyrs were celebrated. Annual came along as an adjective about 150 years later in the context of paying an â€Å"annual wage.† Although both words can function as either noun or adjective, in modern usage, anniversary is used primarily as a noun and annual as an adjective: The Queen to celebrate the 70th anniversary of VE Day at a Westminster Abbey service with veterans   Penguin Celebrates 80th Anniversary Annual price increases are common in B2B [business-to-business] subscriptions. The  Annual Picnic  is usually a purely social event, and everyone is encouraged to attend. Although both words refer to a yearly event, anniversary carries connotations of celebration and remembrance, whereas annual is a workaday word meaning â€Å"occurring once a year.† In observing an anniversary, one might speak of â€Å"an anniversary celebration† or â€Å"an anniversary dinner,† but in a business context, it’s more idiomatic to speak of â€Å"annual meetings† and â€Å"annual price increases.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictCapitalization Rules for the Names of GamesHow to Punctuate Introductory Phrases

Essay on Homelessness

Essay on Homelessness Essay on Homelessness Essay on HomelessnessBased on the readings and the video Homelessness is a Symptom, homelessness might be categorized as a social problem because it refers to the concerns that have negative impact on social development. As a rule, individuals become homeless for a number of reasons, including social and economic factors, such as unemployment and high costs of housing . According to recent research conducted by National Alliance to End Homelessness, the majority of homeless Americans have mental illnesses, severe physical disabilities or alcohol/drug addictions. Undoubtedly, these factors influence the development of American society to a great extent. Some of the policies suggested in this video involve government policies and funds. In my opinion, this is an appropriate use of public funds because homelessness stands for poor conditions of life, while public funds should be used for the good of the public. I completely agree with John Bosco Nkumunue (2014), who states that â€Å"t he appropriate use of public funds means money for giving opportunities to people in efficiency and quality† . I believe that the appropriate use of public funds is essential to address homelessness. The use of public funds fits inside of appropriate use because it contributes to the development of well-organized society. The policies described in this video may be controversial. My concerns about these policies are based on their nature because in some cases, this prevention is directed toward the improvement of politically damaging statistical data regarding homelessness rate. The web search on the policies intended to reduce or eliminate homelessness shows that there are many efforts aimed at finding solutions to this social problem. The example of a potentially effective response to the problem of homelessness is the policy developed and implemented by the Department of Veterans Affairs. This policy is targeted toward veterans who experience homelessness or are at risk of being homeless. The most important elements that make this solution effective include well-organized structure of policy implementation, the appropriate funding, public and government support.

Computers and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computers and Learning - Essay Example Majority of the PCs in the college use Microsoft Operating System although some of the computers are still running on Office 97. The college has achieved a milestone in networking all the computers although not all PCs have been networked but there is increased trend of networking them. With a population of about 3000 students, the University has been thinking of providing laptop to the student the expense of which will be reduced from their fees. There has been increased pressure to make sure that the students accept the offer of the laptops because whether they accept them or not, they will still be charged in the school fees. This has been in line with the introduction of my Course system in the university website which is used by lecturers to post notes and exercises. There has also been declining number of student who are attending lecturer since they can download everything from the internet. How can the college achieve a competitive edge through the harmonization of the usage of the internet The aim of the university in introducing the use of computers has been to ensure that there is efficient delivery of services. ... tion this is one of the most important strategies that the university can use in order to achieve maximum use of computer technology in the university. If the university chose to sell the existing PCs and buying new ones, then the first step would be to find a way of storing the data based in the computers and then selling all of them. Then they would come up with a procurement procedure that will ensure that all the constituent colleges buys from one supplier. With a central supply system the university will be able to standardize the computer which is supplied to all the colleges. The university would then install all the computers with the require programs. This strategy would lead to loss of most of the data which may lead to distribution of the system though this may be the most efficient way of achieving the strategy, it will come with many disadvantages. However the greatest risk to the option remains in the way the university will be able to handle the risk of loss of the data contained in the PCs. One of the advantages with the option would be that the university will be able to acquire standardize computers and hence it would be easy for maintenance since the same company can be hired for the operation. (Bardini, 1995, p. 43) But on the other hand the university can choose to upgrade the current PCs that they are using in order to come up with new ones. The will involve increasing the various component of the computer instead of buying new ones. Therefore the best strategy would be hiring of IT specialist who will upgrade the PCs to use more upgraded memory and operating speed One advantage with this strategy will be that it will be easy to handle the database since it wills income upgrading one computer at a time. Therefore the data can be transferred

Human Computer Interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Computer Interaction - Essay Example Gale explains that there has been another by-product witnessed from the concepts of HCI; which is WIMP. It stands for "window, icon, menu, pointing device", it is a mode of interacting with the computer just like GUI. It was developed by Merzouga Wilberts in 1980. The basic concept behind this form of interaction is to use a physical input device that controls the placing of a cursor. The exchange of information between the user and the computer takes place from a pointing device (usually a mouse). The information is presented in windows and icons. The pointing device enables the users to select an icon or any document present on the display screen.  2. Future of HCI  The future of HCI holds very promising developments, a glimpse of such revolutions is stated below:2.1 Multi-touch InterfacesThere has been some revolutionary developments in the area of user interfaces that have allowed man to use computers in very diverse techniques. Ted (2007) states that one such example is the ‘multi-touch user interfaces’, the concept of this interfacing started in the 1980s. Touch interfaces have been very common but the innovative thing about these interfaces is that it enables multi-touch by multiple users. This multi-user facility proves to be very useful for scenarios where many people want to interact at the same time such as interactive walls and tabletops. There are a number of possibilities with this concept and a complete shift can be witnessed in HCI if this is pursued to its maximum potential.tential.

Evolution of the Stupa in Buddhist Architectural History Essay

Evolution of the Stupa in Buddhist Architectural History - Essay Example most of which were built by Ashok Maurya2. He is reported to have built about 84,000 stupas using the earthen bounds and other materials. However, some of these stupas were damaged later on during the break of Maurya Empire. The best-known stupas are those built at Sanchi, Gaya, Amaravati, and Barhut. However, stupas constructed at Sanchi by Ashoka (273-236 B.C.) are arguably the most striking and remaining stupas of the three3. Situated at the top of the hill, these magnificent stupas have been preserved to show the various stages that the Buddhist architecture and art have developed since the first stupa was constructed in the third century B.C. Report indicates that some of the stupas built by Ashoka at Sanchi were damaged during Maury Empire’s break-up4. However, the damaged stupas were later put up in the second century during the reign of Sungas. Unlike before where stupas were only preserved for important activities, stupas of the second century underwent improvements a nd enlargements, in which a stone railing was constructed around it5. In addition, the newly constructed stupas were embellished with several curved gateways. Le reveals that the Great Stupa is fitted with a large hemispherical flat-topped dome6. At the dome’s basement is a circular terrace, which is meant for circumambulation and an encompassing balustrade. The ground level, on the other hand, has a stone-paved procession gateway, as well as a stone balustrade and steps leading to the circular terrace. The stupa measures approximately 36.60 meters wide and about 16.46 meters tall7. Walls of this stupa are made of mud mortar and burnt ricks. However, it is thought that the elaborate curved Torana were constructed with either metal or ivory in the first century B.C. during king Satakarni’s reign8. This structure later went through different stages of improvements particularly in the fourth century A.D. during the reign of Gupta in which four additional Buddhas calmly si ted in the dhyana were installed at the four entrances. Another big stupa was constructed at Barhut in the 2nd century B.C. during the reign of Sunga. This stupa, like other stupas of this period, had a hemispherical dome made of bricks9. In addition, this stupa was surmounted by a shaft, which arguably signified the spiritual sovereignty of Buddhism. It is also evident that the railing surrounding the stupas is made of red sandstone.10 Moreover, scenes representing the life of Buddha and the Jataka Tales are curved on the entrance, uprights, crossbars, and pillars of the railings. Report also indicates that several other stupas were constructed during this period. In fact, one of the most striking features from the stupa found in Nagajunakonda and Amaravati show that stupas of the northern region were quite different in structure from those of the south11. In this regard, it is evident that there was a shift from the famous Buddhist style, which was purely based on the two dominant Buddhism- Mahayana and Hinayana. Le notes that different styles and trends were used here which gave rise to new forms of architecture such as a square and rectangular image shrine, quadrangular monastery a small stupa on a square platform and pillared hall12. Le notes

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their Term Paper - 1

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity - Term Paper Example Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity It applies quality techniques that transform an institution to a source of income position as stated in the porters five forces model. Innovation improves a brand through the development of quality products that serve consumer needs effectively. It is achievable through research activities, hiring qualified and creative staff with excellent intellectual capacity and heavy investment. Managers in Samsung and Apple corporations recognize that innovation and creativity are crucial in the current competitive world. It is necessary to use innovation to enhance administration, product development and formulation of credible solutions that address consumer needs (Fernando, Rene & Ileana 27). Innovation also sets the stage for effective administration and formulation of communication systems. It is necessary to explore innovation as a performance measure while focusing on Samsung and Apple because they are big electronic producing corporations. Comparative Study of Companies based on the Inn ovative Background and Product Overview Apple and Samsung are high-ranking organizations with a global network. The corporations produce quality electronic products that match consumer desires and specifications. This is achievable through the innovative processes within their production systems. This has enabled them to produce quality and efficient electronic products, for example, TVs, phones, computers and operating soft wares that match consumer expectations (Horibe 20). The corporations also produce innovative items with modern features, for example, smart phones, IPods, LCD screens and flat screen TVs. Following their inception, Apple and Samsung have refocused their synergies into improving their innovative potentials (Gaynor 2). They conduct research studies on consumer needs and respond to existing items. The organizations are strengthening their production chain through adoption of lean concepts. Additionally, the organization is adopting measures that streamline the valu e chain within the production sequence. This is with the intention of achieving quality at every level of operation. This enables them maximize their potentials and bridge the performance gap that may compromise their ability to realize of objectives (Gaynor 5). Apple Company became operational in 1976. It manufactures and supplies consumer electronic designs that include computer software’s and personal PCs. Subsequently, the company has revolutionized its product portfolio and quality through creative processes that have enhanced performance. It has new products in the market that explains the effectiveness of its innovative practices (Cobbenhagen 49). It has developed viable distribution techniques and improved its quality standards and product specification designs. This has made the company produce new products, for example, Macintosh PCs, computer software’s and iPod phones. These items are portable and efficient enabling users to use them appropriately. Samsung Corporation is a big institution that produces quality electronic. It has strong operating units that distribute items to consumers in real time. The products contribute immensely to the growth of individuals socially and economically (Cardoso, Rene, & Ileana 26). This has seen the corporation record excellent performance over the years Innovation has enabled the companies to meet the operating threshold as

Family Literacy Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Family Literacy Program - Essay Example This essay discusses a plan for developing a Center and it's program that aims to develop the mind and character of every child by platforms of English language literacy program with support basically coordinated and extended to their respective families. The main puproses of a program explained is to reduce English language illiteracy rate of the community by teaching Spanish children the classroom method of learning and understanding English. This task shall deliberately open the doors to information and present computer technology available for speech articulation utilizing the Center’s present resources for such mission. The essay also focuses on funding resources of the program, such as resources from non government organizations and other private foundations available abroad like the EU, Spain, Germany, and Canada. Educators. The essay also presents some organizationals strategies to use. Firstly, transportation is described. A minimum of one vehicle shall be purchased b y the Center to serve as a school bus. Schedule of classes and center operations as well as benefits of the program are also analyzed. Participant’s feedback is an SOP for the program so the Center will know how their program stands to their participants and find ways and means to improve both program and Center’s operations. In conclusion, the researcher mentiones that the most important benefits of such project will be enhancing understanding, reading and speech skills in the English language that could eventually provide more seats in work’s consideration for promotion.

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their Term Paper - 1

Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity - Term Paper Example Comparative study two companies in the same area with regard to their innovation activity It applies quality techniques that transform an institution to a source of income position as stated in the porters five forces model. Innovation improves a brand through the development of quality products that serve consumer needs effectively. It is achievable through research activities, hiring qualified and creative staff with excellent intellectual capacity and heavy investment. Managers in Samsung and Apple corporations recognize that innovation and creativity are crucial in the current competitive world. It is necessary to use innovation to enhance administration, product development and formulation of credible solutions that address consumer needs (Fernando, Rene & Ileana 27). Innovation also sets the stage for effective administration and formulation of communication systems. It is necessary to explore innovation as a performance measure while focusing on Samsung and Apple because they are big electronic producing corporations. Comparative Study of Companies based on the Inn ovative Background and Product Overview Apple and Samsung are high-ranking organizations with a global network. The corporations produce quality electronic products that match consumer desires and specifications. This is achievable through the innovative processes within their production systems. This has enabled them to produce quality and efficient electronic products, for example, TVs, phones, computers and operating soft wares that match consumer expectations (Horibe 20). The corporations also produce innovative items with modern features, for example, smart phones, IPods, LCD screens and flat screen TVs. Following their inception, Apple and Samsung have refocused their synergies into improving their innovative potentials (Gaynor 2). They conduct research studies on consumer needs and respond to existing items. The organizations are strengthening their production chain through adoption of lean concepts. Additionally, the organization is adopting measures that streamline the valu e chain within the production sequence. This is with the intention of achieving quality at every level of operation. This enables them maximize their potentials and bridge the performance gap that may compromise their ability to realize of objectives (Gaynor 5). Apple Company became operational in 1976. It manufactures and supplies consumer electronic designs that include computer software’s and personal PCs. Subsequently, the company has revolutionized its product portfolio and quality through creative processes that have enhanced performance. It has new products in the market that explains the effectiveness of its innovative practices (Cobbenhagen 49). It has developed viable distribution techniques and improved its quality standards and product specification designs. This has made the company produce new products, for example, Macintosh PCs, computer software’s and iPod phones. These items are portable and efficient enabling users to use them appropriately. Samsung Corporation is a big institution that produces quality electronic. It has strong operating units that distribute items to consumers in real time. The products contribute immensely to the growth of individuals socially and economically (Cardoso, Rene, & Ileana 26). This has seen the corporation record excellent performance over the years Innovation has enabled the companies to meet the operating threshold as

Summary and response 1315 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary and response 1315 - Assignment Example Joe Posnanski expresses a sharp criticism of the well known baseball players such as Willie Mays who had received a lot of public recognition due to their exemplary performance on the pitch. In his opinion, such athletes are not genuine and their great performance is a result of the use of steroids which enhances their performance. Cheating in his opinion amounts to any form of divergence to the officially allowed rules of the game which some writers and athletes seem to ignore. The cheerleading aspect that Jennie Yabroff is against is that of the view that cheerleaders are generally people with low moral standards. The view has been in existence due to the conduct of some of the cheerleaders. The cheerleaders need to disapprove this general belief by being good examples and role models to the society. The argument is found in the second page in the last paragraph. Sara Maratta is of the opinion that sporting activities are still dominated by men. The view is supported in his book by sidelining of Andrea Kremer a football reported who has witnessed criticism for her comments on men’s game. Female fans do not receive a fair treatment from their male counterparts who tend to sideline them in their fan base despite having sacrificed to attend the

O-Fold Essay Example for Free

O-Fold Essay 1. As a part of the management team, how would you handle distribution and marketing of the O-Fold? Within the text I really liked the 2nd and 3rd option of distribution, which was going an online route or advertising I travel magazines. Although the adverting in magazines option is appealing when it comes down to it I don’t think it would reach as many people as online distribution. I would chose to create a website and distribute the O-Fold product through there. Creating a website would be extremely cost effective. I believe there are even some sites you can use for free, such as weebly.com. However, this option is risky because marketing would have to be very effective in order to generate the business he is looking for. Since the cost of a website is low, he should consider advertising in travel magazines. He probably would not need large ad space, which would help with the cost. If he could get a small section in the Sky Mall magazine on aircrafts with the link to his website, that could be a rewarding starting point. Another option is advertising on other large online retail sites, such as Amazon.com who now gives consumers an option to purchase provides from other retailers by providing a link to that product on their site. 2. At what points should Alex consider bringing on additional management? What positions should he fill and in what order? Defend your answer. I am a supporter of Alex’ crawl-walk-run strategy. I think initially he should partner with his brother and begin to make the product together and sell online through a website he creates. This way he can get an idea of how he can proceed with next steps and be able to create a business plan to present to Anger investors. Once he can seal the investment funds he should bring on a sales and marketing manager. This is one of the most important positions in a company. Alex needs to have someone with experience in sales and marketing, especially not having experience himself. He’s already contemplating different options in this area; someone who has worked in this department can give him real examples of the outcomes and weigh in on the best decision for O-Fold. Next, after he gets an investment, he should go with the outsourcing route. He already had a connection to hire a barn full of employees. He will need to hire a manager to oversee the production of these employees, and also a Human Resources Manager since he will have employees. He cannot manage everything himself so a good candidate for the productions manager would be his brother since he should have a good understanding by then of how to produce the items. 3. What are some pricing strategies you would consider utilizing in order to get the O-Fold to market? Do you agree with Alex’s pricing point? I would consider giving a special price to first time customers, or a discount when purchasing more then one O-Fold at the early stages of marketing. Alex will want to be competitive and the first thing that customers probably look for is good deals. If he creates a website and is directing people there through advertising he should try to close the sale with a discount. An option would be first time users get free shipping, or $5 off shipping. Customers buying more then one could receive $5 off their second purchase. I like the 123 percent market with the outsourcing options at $12.50 However, that would only be beneficial at wholesale, so he should price his products per item at $25, and offer the discount for the first 100 customers. He does not need to advertise the part about it only being for the first 100 customers but he should price out shipping costs for 100 people or costs of giving discounts and set a budget for it.

Case Study Of Yellow Auto Company Commerce Essay

Case Study Of Yellow Auto Company Commerce Essay As one of the most well-known car company, Yellow Auto Company was built in 1989 and occupied 54 marketing share in 2008. Why can it develop so fast and increase their share great in less than 20 years? This paper aims to conduct the case study of Yellow Auto Automotive Company, from the perspective of psychology digging the decision making issues in this company. First, a brief introduction of the company is given to let readers know the basic information of Yellow Auto. Then the relevant decision making issues are analyzed combining the theory of psychology in making decision. At last, suggestions on how to maintain long and short comings of Yellow Auto are given and how to improve their decision making in the future is also discussed. introduction of the Company Yellow Auto Automotive Company was built by two brothers, Can and Caner Sale in 1989. As a family company, its shareholders are acted by the owners and the assets came from the two brothers family. Yellow Auto owns two stores in Gaziemir and Cambidi respectively and acts as one of the most well-known car company over the worldwide. Yellow Auto aims at selling famous brands cars in different areas, such as Coca-Cola. They have two options of car market, first of which are high market demand models and second are those cars with special features according to customers needs. Yellow Auto followed the development step and changes of the parent company. All the employees are required to adapt to the developing steps of technologies. The top manager put eyes on three important departments: finance, sales and after-sales services. The sales of Yellow Auto were supervised by a manager and they put a lot of attention on the face-to-face communication to attract customers. In their recruitment, Yellow Auto prefers active and highly-educated young people. Employees are required to ask every detail and not encouraged to make decisions by themselves. Many rules in the company management are unwritten but stored in hearts of the family members. Yellow Auto always cares about the level of customer satisfaction. They figured out several ways to increase customer satisfaction. They made great effort to attract future young customers, and offered sufficient communication with existing customers, such as telephone conversations and sending text message. Analysis on the Relevant Decision Making Issues in the Case 3.1 Relevant Decision Making Issues What kind of issues in the case Since 2001, top managers of Yellow Auto made a risk decision under the background of a serious economic crisis in Turkey. In the whole changing process, top managers made a lot of analysis on the psychology of employees. They even asked external consultants from a university in Turkey for help to assist the policy change process well operated. Therefore, this report is going to conduct the case study of Yellow Auto from the perspective of psychology. What decisions made /how the decisions implemented by the company Yellow Auto used to make several decisions in the whole changing process as the following. First, top managers of Yellow Auto made the important decision, that is, to achieve a goal of having 50% of the market share in the field. It is a high risky decision due to the economic crisis. In order to promise the smooth going of this decision, Yellow Auto decided to ask help from academics in university. Under the guidance of the external consultants, change efforts are put on increasing physical working conditions, distinguishing tasks for managers and employees, designing careers plans for young generations, and right person for the right job principle. Next the implementation of these decisions by the company will be analyzed from the perspective of psychology theory. According to the transactional analysis by Berne (1961), the human psyche consists of three ego states: parent, adult and child. Yellow Auto Company acts as the adult state. They owns strong objective and always are able to evaluate and critique. When implementing the decisions, top managers evaluate the results in time, face the actual effect of the changing process and make enough adjustment to make sure correct changing direction Whats the result After two years changing process under the suggestion from academics, the job satisfaction and organization loyalty of employees in Yellow Auto are enhanced greatly. The following increased profitability of the company is 25% more than the profitability result of 2001. Yellow Auto also extends their sales and added two stores around lzmir. In the future, the owners of Yellow Auto would maintain the good results and continue the investing in human resources. Through the cooperation with a university in lzmir, human resources of Yellow Auto will have a bright future and bring more good results. Evaluations on the Issues and Decisions How important are these issues and possible influences of these issues People are often sort of reluctant in making decisions. Analyzing the psychology of decision making for managers in company is so important that the decisions by owners and top managers would determine where the company is going to. If top managers made the wrong decision, not only huge crisis will be brought to the future of company, but also the morale of employees and loyalty to the company may be affected greatly. There are several psychological approaches for the analysis of decision making, such as psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanist, neurobiological and cognitive (Lecture 7). In this report, the psychoanalytic approach will be applied on analysing psychology of decision making. Next, the changing strategy of Yellow Auto will be looked into from the psychology of the decision maker. According to Lauent and Kapferer (1985), there are four factors influencing individuals decision making: sense of oneself, perceived risk, social factors and hedonistic factors. These factors are not only suitable for the consumers, but also fitful for decider (Berne, 1964). On the consumer level, if people are willing to buy products from Yellow Auto, they must seek a feeling of satisfaction. All human beings own the potential of hedonistic factors. Good services and products can help consumers obtain superiority and good sense for themselves. Although perceived risk may exist in their mind, face-to-face communication by staff in the company will assist vanishing the risky feeling, such as employees in Yellow Auto. They are required to contact with consumers by phone calls and message, that gives consumers a family feeling and trust the company increasingly. As top managers, the y must be familiar with the psychology of consumers for better management and marketing future. On the other hand, from the perspective of managers in Yellow Auto, they are also decision makers. They made important decision for the company development. Sense of self is crucial for the top managers and shareholders. Based on their experience in the car market, they may be able to sense sensitively where the big fish is. However, 50% of the marketing share is such a huge risk based on the background of economy crisis. A smart manager should be able to put a lot of attention on the perceived risk and conduct some action, such as top managers of Yellow Auto. They asked help from academics in a local university, that is, they used social factors which can be reached to guarantee their company changing process. Those external consultants were professionally good at analysing psychology of employees and provided managers good suggestions to increase the satisfaction and commitment of employees. From the excellent results of Yellow Auto, that is, they had 54% marketing share in 2008, p sychology of employees and managers play crucial rules in the marketing strategy. Strength and weakness of the decisions made in the case Pisharodi and Langley (1990) used to propose a Perceptual Process Model, assisting the analysis on perpetual process in the decision making. That model consists of three parts: selective attention and emotional maker response, perceptual organization and interpretation, and the attitude and behavior. The Perceptual Process Model is going to be used to analyze the strength and weakness of decisions made in this case. First, under environmental stimuli, selective attention and emotional maker response are made (Pisharodi and Langley, 1990). That depends on a lot of factors, such as characteristics of the perceiver, assumptions and anticipation of future events. One strong strength point of Yellow Auto is that their top manager did well in this step. They perceived the right marketing trend and anticipate a bright and feasible goal for the company. Next step is the perceptual organizaiton and interpretation. An important part is the mental process in it. Here the perceivers or managers should do the categorical thinking and perceptual grouping to make sure the feasibility of the assumption and anticipation. Top managers in Yellow Auto did the perceptual organazation and interpretation so that they obtained the results, that is, they cooperated with academics to guarentee the smooth going of the change. It is indeed one strong point in this case. However, each coin has two different sides. There are still some weaknesses for Yellow Auto. Their main point is focused on the psychology of the employees and they aimed to increase the job satisfaction and commitment of employees. Although the good morale and loyalty of employee are important for the company development and culture forming, it is vitally dangerous if all top managers attention is focused on the psychology analysis of employees. They ignored to put more attention on th e marketing wave and flexible future. If marketing would suddenly change, all the previous work could not be efficient anymore. On the other hand, the competitors of Yellow Auto may be aware of this weak point of the company and attack Yellow Auto when the marketing is changing. If Yellow Auto is still paying attention on the psychology of managers and employees, but not to figure out strategies to face the changing market, Yellow Auto would be in big trouble. After these two steps, Yellow Auto come out the attitude and behavior which is the last step of the Perceptual Process Model. Recommendations advices on ways of maintaining advantages and facing challenges ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °and how to improve their decision making in the future From the results of the change in Yellow Auto Company, they indeed did a good job; however, it still has the points to be improved. Here this report is going to give some advices on maintaining the advantages and how to improve their decision making in the future. First, Yellow Auto should continue with their adjustment which maintains the current job satisfaction and commitment of employees. From the experience, increasing morale of employees indeed help people treat the company as their own family, so that they would take 100% effort for working. Also, the recruited personnel for the the right person for the right job should be continued. That saves a lot of time for both managers and employees. From the psychology perspective, this change to some extent increases the morale and loyalty of employees. People can sense the feeling of being valued and nobodys talent would be wasted in some meaningless position. However, there are various sources of perceptual process bias that deserve more attention (Zajonc Nieuwenhuyse, 1964). These perceptual process should be put enough attention by Yellow Auto. They may be able to slow down the development of the company. For example, the attribution error easily leads to the perpetual process bias. All human beings tend to see the favorable point as the future result. Actually that is rather dangerous. If top managers of Yellow Auto were with the attribution error, they would fail to anticipate the actual direction of marketing, so that they may not be able to make the very first decision, that is, a goal of 50% marketing share. Another serious perpetual process bias is recency effect (Broadbent, 1967). Thats why top managers in one company should have long distance insight, and be able to avoid the garble brought by some fancy recency effect. Last but not the least, Yellow Auto should put more attention on the marketing wave and possible change. Although the good morale and loyalty of employee are important for the company development and culture forming, it is vitally dangerous if all top managers attention is focused on the psychology analysis of employees. Then other competitors would seize this opportunities to occupy the good marketing. The huge loss can be hardly saved by psychology. Conclusion This paper aims to study the case of Yellow Auto Automotive Company, from the perspective of psychology to investigate the decision making issues in this company. First, a brief introduction of the company is given to offer the basic information of Yellow Auto. As one of the most well-known car company, Yellow Auto Company was built in 1989 by two brothers and occupied 54% marketing share in 2008. Yellow Auto used to make several important decisions in the whole changing process. This report analyzed the implementation of these decisions by the company from the transactional analysis perspective. Next, the changing strategies of Yellow Auto are looked into from the psychology of the decision maker. And the strength and weakness of the decisions made in this case are analyzed based on the Perceptual Process model. One strong strength point of Yellow Auto is that their top manager did well in perceiving the right marketing trend and anticipating a bright and feasible goal for the compa ny. However, their main point is put on the psychology of the employees and they aimed to increase the job satisfaction and commitment of employees. They ignored to put more attention on the marketing wave and flexible future. If marketing would suddenly change, all the previous work could not be efficient anymore. At last, suggestions on how to maintain long and short comings of Yellow Auto are given and how to improve their decision making in the future is also discussed. Yellow Auto should continue with their adjustment which maintains the current job satisfaction and commitment of employees. And the recruited personnel for the the right person for the right job should be also continued. However, there are various sources of perceptual process bias that deserve more attention, such as attribution error and recency effect. And Yellow Auto should put more attention on the marketing wave and possible change.

Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. :: Marketing Business Plan Essays

COMPANY BACKGROUND SIRIUS Satellite Radio was incorporated on May 17, 1990 as Satellite CD Radio Inc. On November 18th 1999 the company changed their name to SIRIUS Satellite Radio Inc, which is the name under which the FCC license to distribute satellite radio was given to. SIRIUS Satellite radio currently offers over 100 of music, news, sports, talk, entertainment, traffic, weather, and children’s programming to subscribers throughout the United States. Their primary source of revenue is through subscription fees, with most of their customers subscribing to SIRIUS Satellite Radio on either a monthly or a yearly basis. They also derive revenue from activation fees, advertising sales on non-music channels and the direct sale of SIRIUS radios, which are currently sold in over 6,500 retail locations around the nation. As of December 31, 2004, SIRIUS has had over 1.2 million subscribers and 375 employees. MARKETS The overall market for Sirius is any consumer that listens to the radio. The target market that Sirius is aiming for is the 100 million automobiles currently on the road today. Sirius only has to gain a small portion of this market to become a profitable company. COMPETITION Sirius faces competition for both listeners and advertising dollars. In addition to pre-recorded entertainment purchased or paying in cars, homes and using portable players, Sirius competes most directly with the following providers of radio or other audio services: XM Radio. Sirius’s direct competitor in satellite radio service is XM Radio, the only other FCC licensee for satellite radio service in the United States. XM Radio broadcasts certain programming that we do not offer. XM Radio service is also offered as an option on various car model brands, certain of which do not also offer SIRIUS radios. Traditional AM/FM Radio. Sirius’s competition also includes traditional AM/FM radio. Unlike SIRIUS radio, traditional AM/FM radio has had a well established market for its services for many years and generally offers free broadcast reception paid for by commercial advertising rather than by a subscription fee. Also, many radio stations offer information programming of a local nature, such as local news and sports, which Sirius does not offer as effectively as local radio. Some radio stations also have begun reducing the number of commercials per hour, expanding the range of music played on the air and experimenting with new formats in order to compete more directly with satellite radio services. Internet Radio and Downloading Devices. Internet radio broadcasts have no geographic limitations and can provide listeners with radio programming from around the country and the world.

The Moon :: essays research papers

The Moon is Down Chapter One: Here we learn that a small town has been taken over by one of the many Nazi groups during World War Two. Mr. Corell â€Å" The town good guy†, the way I view it, sent the town postmen and policemen on a boating trip, keeping them from the invasion (we learn later that â€Å"The town good guy† is really a back-stabber later in the book). After the invasion, the Nazis request a meeting with the town’s Mayor, Mayor Orden. Joseph and Doctor Winter, two of Mayor Orden’s colleagues, await the arrival of Nazis too. The two meet Captain Bentick, a rank lower than Colonel Lanser who is the one who had requested the meeting. Bentick searches the home. During the meeting Annie, Mayor Orden’s cook, becomes very aggravated by the soldiers who wait outside the front porch of the Mayor’s home, and throws a pot of boiling water at them. Chapter Two: In this chapter, Steinbeck explains the characteristics of each of the Nazis. Major Hunter, an engineer, â€Å"arithmatician†, and seemingly indifferent to the fact that he is a soldier. Captain Bentick, a family man, was old and kind. Bentick also has certain admiration to the English. Captain Loft, a young man, took much pride in the fact that he was a soldier. He dreams of his own death on the battlefield, where he is respected. â€Å"Lieutenants Prackle and Tonder were snot noses, undergraduates, lieutenants, trained in the politics of the day† (Quoted out of the book; there seemed to be no sense putting it in my own words since it was right there, and couldn’t have been worded any better). Colonel Lanser takes much pride in what he does. To me, he sees life as an order given by a higher rank that must be taken out. It is also in this chapter that Captain Bentick dies by one Alexander Morden, a town dweller. Chapter Three: The chapter begins with a discussion between Annie and Joseph, who are talking about Alexander Morden and the death of Captain Bentick. Joseph reveals to Annie what he surely thinks will happen... â€Å"They’ll shoot him†. Annie is rejecting the awful thought. Unfortunately it is true and Alex will be tried. Molly Morden, Alex’s wife, met with the Mayor because of a rumor that had been circulating in the town. â€Å"You wouldn’t convict Alex would you?†, the replies, â€Å"No†. To the Mayor’s anger he found that he did have to sentence Alex to death; luckily he managed to shirk the awful duty. Chapter Four: This Chapter is very brief, it simply goes into Alex’s trial, where he IS convicted, and shot in a public area.

Crime Scene Investigation Case Study Essay

OBTAINING and RECORDING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE When it comes to identifying people that have committed a criminal act, the most positive means is through fingerprints. When we are born, our fingerprints stay with us until we die and our bodies start decomposing. To the human eye our fingerprints look the same, however, further investigation will show that each of us have a unique set of friction ridges that comprise our fingerprints and sets our identity apart from each other. At a crime scene, there are two different types of fingerprints that may be found. Patent prints are visible to the human eye. Latent prints are â€Å"unintentional prints found on items of evidence or at a crime scene† (Unknown, Obtaining and Recording Physical Evidence, n.d.). The ability to visualize prints depends on the physical condition of the person who left the print, the surface on which they left it, and the reflection of the light which is used to help visualize the print. Other circumstances that effect the visibility of latent prints is time and exposure to elements like heat and cold. However, in any case, prints should be attempted to be obtained. When latent prints are smudged they lack the specific ridges to distinguish the print correctly. These types of prints may not be perfect for fingerprint analysis; they may be utilized to provide other trace evidence. Before latent prints can be lifted and processed they need to be discovered. Each print left in different types of surfaces have to be processed in a special way. The most common means is with the use of fingerprint powders or through chemical treatment. Most field kits supply a variety of colors so that the powder can contrast with the background on which they were left. The most widely used colors are black and white  because they are standard colors that contrast on many objects. Fluorescent fingerprint powders help develop prints on multicolored surfaces, and require the source of ultraviolet light. As with most equipment, safety goggles and gloves should be used to avoid undue exposure and harm to the investigator. It is important to have a delicate touch and a small amount of powder to make the latent print visible. Once the print has started to show up, continuing to brush with the direction of the friction ridges will make the fingerprint stand out. At that time, a photograph of the print should be taken and logged prior to lifting the print. If an investigator is in the field without proper powders, passing non-flammable evidence through the smoke of a burning piece of pine will cause soot to deposit on the object. Chemical processing of latent prints happens in the laboratory. Lab technicians are trained in using techniques that are required by the federal law in using many chemical mixtures to aid in processing evidence. Many porous objects will absorb the secretions from fingerprints and will not rub off as easy as they will on nonporous surfaces or objects. In order to get these prints visible, chemicals are applied to react to the secretions to make the print visible. The amount of contact and pressure applied by the fingers will affect prints the most. Once the prints are visualized, and photographs have been taken, prints can be lifted and placed on a print card and transported to the lab for further processing. The most common method to use for lifting prints is rubber lifters and transparent lifting tape. Rubber lifters work the best on curved or uneven surfaces, whereas transparent tape will lift the print in the position in which they were left on flat surfaces. How to Lift Fingerprints The basic police officer’s fingerprint kit should contain a fingerprint brush, black and bi-chromatic powder, lifting tape, and fingerprint cards. There are several types of fingerprint brushes available, the one to use is a personal preference. Fiberglass fingerprint brushes have a better rate of to â€Å"distribute the fingerprint powder evenly† (Spraggs, 2007). Most crime  scenes will utilize the black lifting powder; however, the bi-chromatic powder will be very helpful in processing prints on dark surfaces, because it is a mixture of the black powder with a white or silver powder. When the bi-chromatic powder is used on dark surfaces it will look light and it will show up dark on light surfaces. The best rule for processing latent prints using powder is to use less lifting powder than you think you are going to need. Many latent prints can be ruined by over processing with powder. David suggests â€Å"give the print powder jar a quick shake before opening the lid† then goes on to say â€Å"remove the lid and place the fingerprint brush inside the lid† (Spraggs, 2007). The lid will retain enough powder to start processing the latent print. A precise amount of pressure applied while spinning the brush will produce a good print with good ridge detail. He mentions that too much powder will fill the ridges and over process the print and too little will not produce enough, keeping in mind that too much contact between the brush and the print will damage the print. Once the print has been developed it is time to begin lifting the print. Lifting tape comes in a variety of widths and compositions. General lifting tape is used on flat surfaces and polyethylene tape is great for curved surfaces like door knobs. An important key in applying the tape is to keep it evenly and as smooth as possible. David suggests using a credit card to ensure even and smooth applications. â€Å"Securing the lifting tape about an inch from the edge of the print, then use the edge of the credit card to gently press the fingerprint lifting tape onto the surface† (Spraggs, 2007). This process allows for thorough adhesion of the powder and the tape ensuring that air bubbles are eliminated at the same time and being trapped in the tape. He also utilizes the credit card again when placing the tape to the fingerprint card. How Far Should Prints Be Trusted? Fingerprint analysis is not an exact science and has many potential flaws. One man was imprisoned for six years in Massachusetts for shooting a police officer, only to be released in 2004 when the fingerprint evidence that was  used to convict him was trumped by DNA. For a long time the Department of Justice contended that there was a zero error rate in fingerprint analysis. In a study conducted by FBI’s Latent Fingerprint Section in Quantico, Virginia, concluded that the chance to be mistake a fingerprint for someone else was 1 in 1097. This study was conducted on 50,000 pre-existing images and compared electronically against the whole data set, thus producing 2.5 billion comparisons. However, many advocates against the admissibility of fingerprinting continue to jump on the bandwagon and believe the study does not reflect what happens in life. In life, partial prints from a crime scene can be messy and send an invalid picture of the criminal. In an unpublished study conducted by 92 students that had one year of training where they had to match archive and fake crime scenes. The end result was 2 out of 5861 were incorrect, which produced an error rate of 0.0034% (Coghlan, 2005). Results from proficiency tests published and cited in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (Vol. 93, p. 985), report error rates occur at a 0.8% average, and have been known to be as high as 4.4%. Latent Fingerprints In 1914, Dr. Edmond Locard established the first rules on the minimum number of minutiae necessary for a positive identification. According to his study, if twelve or more concurring points are present when the fingerprint is clear the identity is â€Å"beyond debate† (Unknown, Latent Prints, n.d.). If there are eight to twelve concurring points are present the certainty of the identity will be contingent on five additional points. They are the sharpness of the print, the rarity of its type, the presence of the center of the core and the delta in the exploitable part of the print, the presence of pores, and the perfect and obvious identity regarding the width of papillary ridges and valleys, the direction of the lines and the angular value of the bifurcations. If there were less than eight points present, the fingerprints could not provide a valid and accurate identity. Dr. Locard believed that approximately 40 pores in concurrence could establish individuality (Unknown, Laten t Prints, n.d.). Fingerprint Detection: Current Capabilities Crime scene investigators use a variety of tools to help solve a case. Latent fingerprint detection and identification is among one of the greatest forensic techniques used. The value of fingerprint evidence is insurmountable. An investigator needs to know how to detect, enhance and record the print that has been left behind not visible to the human eye. Latent prints left behind at the crime scene are the most common type of fingerprint evidence, but they are also the ones that can cause the most problems, mainly because it is there, but not to the unaided eye. Utilizing optical, physical or chemical treatments to develop the print comes with precise judgment. The investigator or crime scene technician must distinguish between porous, non-porous and semi-porous surfaces; water insoluble or water soluble, etc. Just like anything else, latent fingerprints will start to deteriorate and can lead to the loss of clarity over a specific time because of numerous factors. â€Å"Elements of this process include evaporation of volatile components (e.g. moisture), diffusion (e.g. through the substrate for porous surfaces and across the surface for non-porous surfaces), decomposition (e.g. bacterial action, oxidation, chemical breakdown due to heat and light, etc.)† (Lennard, 2007). The rate of dehydration will depend on certain factors like the temperature, humidity, and exposure to sun, air currents and the surface on which the print was left. Exposure to high humidity can result in diffusion of a water soluble print, causing the print to be lost, and any detection techniques to be ineffective. Using optical detection techniques will aid in finding latent fingerprints. Luminescence will help display a weak friction ridge detail. The best optical detection is achieved by using short-wave ultraviolet (UV) light. This technique is highly effective because the light acts as a contrast between the surface by absorbing the light or reflecting it back showing the presence of print. Will DNA Replace Fingerprints in the 21st Century? The use of fingerprints to help solve crimes was first suggested by Dr. Henry Faulds in 1880. Twelve years later, fingerprints that were left in blood at the scene of a double murder in Argentina were used to convict and identify the killer. However, the first fingerprints accepted in court in the United States didn’t happen until 1911. When we are born, we have distinct patterns on the tips of our fingers that will only change under a biological variation, because once formed in womb, the ridges are permanent and unique to each individual. â€Å"Biological variation is also known as the natural law of variation and is sometimes stated as ‘Nature never repeats’† (Leo, 2005). There are three basic types of fingerprint patterns: loops, whorls, and arches. Each of these patterns are arranged to give individuals unique ridges that make up the person’s characteristics of fingerprints. It is when these ridges are examined under a microscope side by side with a known source that a person can be confirmed or eliminated as a suspect. With new technology, fingerprint evidence can be searched through automated fingerprint information systems (AFIS). Fingerprints are used to establish a person’s identity in the United States and in every other country in the world. Fingerprints are not just used as evidence in a crime (criminal history), but for employment and security clearances. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was discovered in 1911. It was also discovered that this DNA was the carrier of genetic information. However, it wasn’t until 1985 that the structure also established the uniqueness of each person. One year later, the first use of DNA in a criminal case was used to match a suspect to a double murder in England. The first case of DNA evidence admitted in a United States court didn’t happen until 1988. Since then, over thirty-five states have admitted DNA evidence in one form or another while more than twenty-five states have the population frequency data or statistics to be admissible in court (Leo, 2005). DNA evidence is found at crime scenes as the presence of blood, semen, hair, skin, and saliva. In order to make a comparison a DNA profile must be extracted from the evidence and/or a sample taken from a known individual. A DNA profile is accomplished through a process called electrophoresis. After the profile has been extracted, the results are recorded on an autorad and can be compared to other profiles. There are thirteen markers that are used to standardize a national data base called Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) in the United States (Leo, 2005). To date, DNA is still emerging as we continue to move further into the technological future, and can be used for personal identification, employment, security clearance, or to track criminal histories. Every second of the day, millions of fingerprints are being searched via the automated fingerprint systems around the world. Thousands of crimes have been solved because of the fingerprint evidence left behind at the scene of the crime. In 1994, when CODIS began, there have been over 20,000 DNA matches. In Los Angeles County, California, more than 500 latent prints are matched to criminal offender on any given day (Leo, 2005). Both methods of identifying an individual play crucial roles in solving crime. Although fingerprints are still considered the â€Å"golden standard† for forensic evidence in the courtroom (Leo, 2005), DNA is moving forward in being a very important tool to combat and solve crime. However, when it comes down to it, both techniques complement each other and provide vital information to help find criminals. Works Cited Coghlan, A. &. (2005). How Far Should Prints be Trusted? New Scientist, 2517(187), 6-7. Retrieved January 21, 2013, from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&an=18376323&site=ehost-live Lennard, C. (2007, December). Fingerprint Detection: Current Capabilities. Australian Journal of Forensic Science, 39(2), 55-59. Retrieved January 21, 2013, from http://www.informaworld.com Leo, W. (2005, September/October). Will DNA Replace Fingerprints in the 21st Century. The Print, 21(5), 1-5. Retrieved January 21, 2013, from http://www.fingerprintidentification.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/dnavfingerprints.pdf Spraggs, D. (2007, February 01). How to Lift Fingerprints. Retrieved January 20, 2013, from Police Magazine: www.policemag.com/channel/patrol/articles/2007/02/how-to-lift-fingerprints.as